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API-571 Corrosion and Materials Professional Questions and Answers

Questions 4

Cracks formed by carbonate stress corrosion are best detected:

Options:

A.

with a penetrant testing technique used after abrasive or high pressure water blasting of the surface.

B.

with an Acoustic Emission Testing technique.

C.

ultrasonic shear wave examination because cracks develop internally.

D.

with a wet fluorescent magnetic-particle testing technique.

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Questions 5

Caustic corrosion is most often associated with:

Options:

A.

Boilers and steam generating equipment

B.

Caustic treaters

C.

Caustic injections in crude units

D.

Caustic storage tanks (non-postweld heat treated)

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Questions 6

The presence of which additional substance(s) will accelerate the corrosion of steel in the presence of sulfur compounds at high temperature?

Options:

A.

Hydrogen

B.

Oxygen

C.

Chlorides

D.

Sulfates

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Questions 7

How can temper embrittlement be prevented if a material contains critical levels of the appropriate impurity elements and is exposed in the embrittling temperature range?

Options:

A.

Use of a controlled pressurization sequence

B.

Postweld heat treatment (PWHT) of repairs

C.

Specification of Charpy V-notch impact test

D.

Embrittlement cannot be prevented

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Questions 8

The rate of spheroidization is affected by:

Options:

A.

temperature and pressure.

B.

type of steel and H₂ partial pressure.

C.

exposure time and stress.

D.

temperature and microstructure.

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Questions 9

The form of corrosion most often caused by sulfidation is typically described as:

Options:

A.

General or uniform corrosion

B.

High-temperature corrosion

C.

Localized erosion-corrosion

D.

Sulfide cracking corrosion

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Questions 10

Convection section soot blowers that have steam supplies without a steam trap can cause:

Options:

A.

CO2 corrosion.

B.

carbonic acid corrosion.

C.

thermal fatigue.

D.

condensate corrosion.

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Questions 11

Boiler water condensate corrosion is caused primarily by:

Options:

A.

Sodium sulfites or hydrazines

B.

Carbon dioxide and oxygen

C.

High pH from water treatment problems

D.

Dissolved iron oxides

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Questions 12

Sigma phase embrittlement can occur in which of the following piping materials operating at temperatures of 1000°F to 1750°F (538°C to 954°C)?

Options:

A.

300 series stainless steel

B.

400 series stainless steel (12Cr)

C.

Monel 400

D.

5% chrome

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Questions 13

If thermal shock damage may be present, which of the following should be checked?

Options:

A.

Bulging at elbows

B.

Hot/cold injection points

C.

Hardness of the furnace outlet piping

D.

Surface exfoliation of furnace tubes

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Questions 14

The most effective means of preventing caustic stress corrosion cracking is:

Options:

A.

Postweld heat treatment

B.

Upgrading to 300 series stainless steel

C.

Reducing caustic concentration

D.

Controlling process temperature during steamouts

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Questions 15

An inspector observes sharp-edged pitting in piping immediately downstream from an orifice. This damage has most likely resulted from which damage mechanism?

Options:

A.

Flashing

B.

Turbulence

C.

Erosion

D.

Cavitation

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Questions 16

Polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking (PTASCC) can be detected by:

Options:

A.

Hardness measurements

B.

Magnetic particle testing

C.

Liquid penetrant testing

D.

Ultrasonic thickness measurements

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Questions 17

An inspector has discovered significant cracking in a T-joint where hot and cold hydrogen-containing streams are mixing in a hydroprocess unit. What damage mechanism should the inspector suspect is the cause?

Options:

A.

Mixing point corrosion

B.

Injection point corrosion

C.

Thermal fatigue

D.

Hydrogen embrittlement

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Questions 18

The potential for galvanic corrosion will increase when:

Options:

A.

insulating dissimilar metals with different electro-chemical potentials.

B.

using a relatively large volume of anodic material.

C.

applying a coating to both metals.

D.

different metals are in contact with presence of electrolyte.

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Questions 19

Damage from oxidation is usually determined by:

Options:

A.

Metallographic examination

B.

Ultrasonic thickness measurements

C.

Hardness testing

D.

Hammer testing

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Questions 20

Polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking is:

Options:

A.

Identified by transgranular cracking on the process side of equipment and piping.

B.

Found only in low carbon grades of austenitic stainless steel.

C.

Typically localized and may not be evident until a leak appears.

D.

Rarely found in process furnaces.

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Questions 21

Which of the following generally manifests itself as a subsurface damage mechanism?

Options:

A.

Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)

B.

Amine Stress Corrosion Cracking

C.

Caustic Cracking

D.

Stress-Oriented Hydrogen-Induced Cracking (SOHIC)

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Questions 22

Which of the following damage mechanisms is related to steel hardness?

Options:

A.

Stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking

B.

Sulfide stress corrosion cracking

C.

Hydrogen-induced cracking

D.

Hydrogen blistering

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Questions 23

Which of the following is the best description of the surface appearance of metals with chloride stress corrosion cracking?

Options:

A.

Concentric ring “beach mark” cracking

B.

Linear cracking along weld heat-affected zones

C.

Highly branched crazed cracking

D.

Linear cracking with few branches extending away from welds

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Questions 24

The most effective mitigation for amine stress corrosion cracking is:

Options:

A.

Post-weld heat treatment

B.

Operating below 140°F (60°C)

C.

Adding 0.2% water to the amine solution

D.

Changing amine solution concentration

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Questions 25

The stream from a crude atmospheric overhead goes to the tube side of a shell-and-tube condenser with a temperature of 300°F (149°C) and a pressure of 10 psig (69 kPa). As the stream begins to condense water, its hydrochloric acid content lowers the water pH to about 4.0. Which of the following would be the best alloy selection for the tubes with cooling water on the shell side?

Options:

A.

410 Stainless Steel

B.

Titanium

C.

9 Cr-1 Mo Steel

D.

316 Stainless Steel

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Questions 26

Metal dusting usually occurs in the operating temperature range of:

Options:

A.

600°F–1200°F (315°C–650°C)

B.

900°F–1500°F (480°C–815°C)

C.

1200°F–1800°F (650°C–980°C)

D.

1500°F–2100°F (815°C–1150°C)

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Questions 27

The remaining life of a component susceptible to creep damage can be cut in half by a/an:

Options:

A.

sudden change in temperature.

B.

increase in operating unit throughput.

C.

increase in temperature of 25°F (15°C).

D.

increase in stress of 10%.

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Questions 28

Which of the following can increase the corrosion rate of carbon steel via hydrofluoric (HF) acid corrosion?

Options:

A.

High nitrogen content in process

B.

Oxygen contamination

C.

HF acid concentration above 98%

D.

Weld hardness above 200 BHN

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Questions 29

Dissimilar metal weld cracks (between ferritic and austenitic materials) form:

Options:

A.

At the toe of the weld in the heat-affected zone of the ferritic material.

B.

At the toe of the weld in the heat-affected zone of the austenitic material.

C.

In the parent metal on the austenitic side of the weld.

D.

In the center of the dissimilar weld.

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Questions 30

Which of the following is related to all wet H₂S damage mechanisms?

Options:

A.

pH of <7 with dissolved H₂S present

B.

Localized zones of weld HAZ hardness above 200 HB

C.

Water vapor in the hydrocarbon phase

D.

Absorption and permeation of hydrogen

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Questions 31

Which of the following is a contributing factor in caustic corrosion?

Options:

A.

Iron oxide concentration

B.

Boiler feed water hardness

C.

Heat traced equipment

D.

Alkalinity of superheated steam

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Questions 32

300 series austenitic stainless steels susceptible to polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking (PTA SCC) can become sensitized when heated in the range of:

Options:

A.

400°F to 675°F (204°C to 357°C)

B.

750°F to 1500°F (400°C to 815°C)

C.

1650°F to 1725°F (899°C to 941°C)

D.

1200°F to 1650°F (622°C to 900°C)

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Questions 33

Erosion and erosion-corrosion metal loss is characterized by:

Options:

A.

smooth pits.

B.

linear striations.

C.

grooves and gullies.

D.

rough pits and pock marks.

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Exam Code: API-571
Exam Name: Corrosion and Materials Professional
Last Update: May 1, 2025
Questions: 110

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