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CPRE-FL_Syll_3.0 IREB Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering Foundation Level Questions and Answers

Questions 4

In requirements engineering, a differentiation is made between system scope and context scope. In both cases it is possible that so-called grey zones may appear. For each statement, indicate if it is true or false. (2 Points)

CPRE-FL_Syll_3.0 Question 4

Options:

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Questions 5

Consider the following figure (diagram of actors and use cases).

CPRE-FL_Syll_3.0 Question 5

This is an example of a:

Options:

A.

Use case diagram

B.

Data Flow Diagram

C.

Block Definition Diagram

D.

Stakeholder-Activity Diagram

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Questions 6

Choose the correct sentence regarding phrase templates for requirements:

Options:

A.

Shall and should are used for mandatory requirements interchangeably.

B.

Should is used for requirements that are strongly desired, but are not mandatory.

C.

Will is used for the strongest form of mandatory requirements.

D.

Even requirements using may are mandatory.

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Questions 7

Evaluate the following guidelines as to whether they should or should not be adhered to when writing a requirements specification: (2 Points)

CPRE-FL_Syll_3.0 Question 7

Options:

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Questions 8

You would like to design a requirements document in such a way that it is particularly well suited to the project participants who are to continue working with it. Please select from the following statements the two most appropriate assignments of requirement properties to participants. (1 Point)

Options:

A.

For the tester the requirements must be practicable.

B.

For the developers the requirements must be easily changeable.

C.

For all participants the requirements must be consistent.

D.

For the project manager the requirements must be evaluated.

E.

For maintenance the requirements must be testable.

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Questions 9

As input for the system development, the Board of Directors of an automotive manufacturer has specified the following goals:

1. The infotainment system should be easy to operate.

2. The user must be able to operate the system without becoming distracted from the road traffic.

3. The system should function without an additional power source.

4. The system should be configurable for various models of car.

With which two approaches can these goals be detailed and refined best? (2 Points)

Options:

A.

Clear specification of the goals with the help of use casesand the associated activity diagrams.

B.

Documentation of the goals in a sequence diagram.

C.

Decomposition of the goals with the help of goaltrees, in order to obtain more concrete goals.

D.

Formulation of other goals, since the given goals are not feasible.

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Questions 10

The activity diagram below shows a simplified order processing procedure. Which of the following statements is correct for this flow? (2 Points)

Options:

A.

The flow is not modelled correctly, since no condition (branch)should be present within a fork.

B.

The flow is modelled correctly: the goods branch as well as the export and domestic order branch are processed in parallel to one another.

C.

The flow is not modelled correctly, since the branches for the domestic and export orders must be consolidated via a diamond symbol.

D.

The flow is modelled correctly and the " issue invoice " activity is conducted after the “compile goods " activity.

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Questions 11

Writing requirements using natural language can be improved by the following actions, EXCEPT:

Options:

A.

Not writing short sentences.

B.

Having caution when using nominalizations.

C.

Using universal quantifiers with care.

D.

Using glossaries.

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Questions 12

Starting from an informal and unstructured description of the facts, semiformal description techniques attempt to take a step in the direction of formality, for example to prevent misunderstandings. One of the semiformal description techniques is the sentence-template. What is the most precise definition of a sentence-template as used for requirements? (1 Point)

Options:

A.

A sentence-template is a blueprint for a requirement.

B.

A sentence-template is a blueprint for the semantic filling of the individual requirement elements.

C.

A sentence-template is a blueprint for the syntax and semantics of a requirement.

D.

A sentence-template is a blueprint for the syntactical structure of an individual requirement.

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Questions 13

There is a sequence of steps that should be followed when prioritizing requirements. From the steps listed below, which one comes first?

Options:

A.

Define desired assessment criteria.

B.

Define the stakeholders that have to be involved.

C.

Define the requirements that have to be prioritized.

D.

Select the prioritization technique.

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Questions 14

A product-oriented RE process is typically chosen when an organization is developing a system as a product or service for the market. Besides being iterative, this type of RE process should also be:

Options:

A.

Explorative & Market-oriented

B.

Prescriptive & Customer-oriented

C.

Prescriptive & Market-oriented

D.

Explorative & Customer-oriented

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Questions 15

The following state diagram is to be found in a requirements specification for an order management system.

Which of the following requirements is consistent with the diagram and which are not? (2 Points)

Options:

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Questions 16

Which of the following options are considered evidences of a good application of RE in a project?

Options:

A.

Early system implementation.

B.

Stakeholders have a shared understanding of requirements.

C.

People writing requirements are well educated in RE.

D.

There is no such thing as the assumption that requirements are self-evident.

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Questions 17

The following sentences apply to requirements models, EXCEPT:

Options:

A.

Requirements models do not have to be accompanied by natural language.

B.

Requirement models are less flexible than requirements written with natural language.

C.

Requirement models have a lacking focus on quality requirements and constraints.

D.

The focus on a single aspect makes it easy to understand the requirements modeled.

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Questions 18

Associating unique identifiers to requirements is helpful for the following purposes, EXCEPT:

Options:

A.

To ensure explicit traceability to other work products.

B.

To create references to requirements.

C.

To allow the control of different configurations.

D.

To count how many requirements are contained in a specification.

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Questions 19

You are to create a requirements specification for an internet banking software. The system shall perform bank credit transfers and therefore receives from the user, among other information, the bank identification code and the name of the bank. Now things have changed so that only the bank identification code must be entered by the user and the bank name is no longer required. On which part of your documentation do you most likely have to work in order to incorporate this change? (2 Points)

Options:

A.

Nowhere, since this is a detail for the architecture.

B.

In the chapter in which the statesof the system are described.

C.

As a change in the goals has been communicated, the goals in the specification must be updated.

D.

If it is about inputs and outputs of the system, this changehas to be worked into the context diagram.

E.

You have to adjust the class model and/or the data model, which describe the structure of the system’s input and output data.

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Questions 20

Which of the following measures should be taken when changing a requirement that is in a draft state?

Options:

A.

It has to be submitted to the Change Control Board.

B.

It can be changed at will by the author.

C.

An impact analysis should be performed to clarify the consequences of the change.

D.

It has to be submitted to the Product Owner.

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Questions 21

Which of the following are NOT considered a RE work product?

Options:

A.

A stakeholder.

B.

A requirement.

C.

A specification.

D.

A prototype.

E.

A test report of a system.

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Questions 22

Which of the following is NOT a main influencing factor for configuring an RE process?

Options:

A.

Shared understanding

B.

Available time and budget

C.

Volatility of requirements

D.

Quantity of requirements

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Questions 23

In regard to the quality criteria for requirements, which statement is correct?

Options:

A.

Requirements have to fully adhere to all quality criteria.

B.

All quality criteria have the same relative importance.

C.

Single requirements and specifications should adhere to the same quality criteria.

D.

All the other options are wrong.

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Questions 24

The template “The < system name > shall < system response > ” is suited for:

Options:

A.

Ubiquitous requirements

B.

Event-driven requirements

C.

Unwanted behaviour

D.

State-driven requirements

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Questions 25

Writing requirements using natural language can be improved by the following actions, EXCEPT:

Options:

A.

Writing short and well structured sentences.

B.

Avoiding unspecific nouns.

C.

Making use of passive voice.

D.

Defining a uniform terminology.

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Questions 26

Which attribute is used to indicate that a requirement cannot be implemented without another requirement also being satisfied?

Options:

A.

Rationale

B.

Source

C.

Traceability

D.

Dependency

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Questions 27

Choose the right sentence regarding the types of views:

Options:

A.

A selective view presents a subset of the available data (attributes) for the requirements.

B.

Projective views provide information on a carefully chosen subset of requirements.

C.

An aggregating view presents summaries, totals, or averages derived from a group of requirements.

D.

All the other options are wrong.

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Questions 28

Which of the following requirements are NOT in accordance with the template “[] []”? (Select 2 answers.)

Options:

A.

If the user logs in, the system shall display the user’s profile within 2 seconds.

B.

When the temperature exceeds 80°C, the control unit shall shut down the heater for 10 minutes.

C.

If the user selects ‘Print’ the printer shall generate a PDF file in less than 10 seconds.

D.

Within 2 seconds, the system shall notify the administrator upon receiving a critical alert.

E.

If the payment fails, the system shall display within 1 second.

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Questions 29

Choose the option that correctly completes the following sentence:

The " _______________ " elicitation technique relies on drawing parallels to facilitate reasoning and idea generation. Its effectiveness largely depends on choosing an appropriate point of reference for the given problem.

Options:

A.

Prototyping

B.

Scenarios and storyboards

C.

Analogy

D.

Comparison

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Questions 30

All the following sentences are applicable to models, EXCEPT:

Options:

A.

Models are made for a specific purpose.

B.

A model is used to increase information in relation to the reality, allowing for a deeper understanding.

C.

Models help by reducing complexity, focusing only on relevant aspects and making reality easier to analyze or understand.

D.

A model gives a representation of reality.

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Questions 31

Which definition best characterizes the term " traceability " in terms of requirements engineering? (2 Points)

Options:

A.

Traceability of the effort for the elicitation of requirements, beginning with the elicitation of the documentation right to the point of requirements acceptance

B.

Monitoring of progress in requirements elicitation

C.

Ability to analyze requirements for contradictory content, especially between the requirements specifications and the test cases

D.

Traceability of the requirements, along with the associated documents, from the requirements elicitation to the implementation

E.

Level of stabilisation between the elicited and approved requirements

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Questions 32

Choose the right sentences.

Options:

A.

Requirements engineer is typically not a role to be played, but a job title.

B.

Requirements engineers should work in defining/improving the RE processes within their organization.

C.

Product owners may act as a requirements engineer.

D.

Having RE knowledge is not useful for professionals that don’t act as requirements engineers.

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Questions 33

In regard to tool support for Requirements Engineering, it is correct to say that:

Options:

A.

All the other options are wrong.

B.

“Management of RE process” tools are used to manage versions and configurations.

C.

“Management of requirements” tools are used for measuring and reporting on the product quality.

D.

Office tools are ideal to manage requirements.

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Questions 34

Which of the following statements is true?

Options:

A.

The benefits of Requirements Engineering are usually short term.

B.

The costs of Requirements Engineering are immediate.

C.

The RE effort should be directly proportional to the risk that the enterprise is willing to take.

D.

All the other options are wrong.

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Questions 35

A new system for monitoring vital functions of patients is to be developed. The system is to be used in intensive care. The usability of the system is especially critical, primarily because the nursing staff must correctly interpret the information indicated by the system and do sounder great time pressure.

Which two techniques are best suited to identifying the user requirements? (2 Points)

Options:

A.

Questionnaires / interviews

B.

Apprenticing

C.

Field surveys

D.

Role playing

E.

Brainstorming

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Questions 36

The activity of seeking, capturing and consolidating requirements from various sources, which may involve reconstructing or creating requirements, is called:

Options:

A.

Requirements elicitation

B.

Requirements extraction

C.

Structured interview

D.

Requirements allocation

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Questions 37

Which two pieces of information should always be recorded in the stakeholder list? (1 Point)

Options:

A.

Importance of the stakeholders

B.

Role designation

C.

Length of service with a company

D.

Disciplinary superior

E.

References to previously conducted projects

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Questions 38

In regard to tool support for Requirements Engineering, it is correct to say that:

Options:

A.

Office tools should never be used to manage requirements.

B.

All the other options are wrong.

C.

“Management of requirements” tools are used to manage the RE workflow.

D.

“Collaboration in RE” tools are used for sharing requirements.

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Questions 39

Choose the WRONG sentence regarding glossaries.

Options:

A.

The glossary should be managed and maintained in a decentralised manner to accommodate the required dynamism.

B.

The usage of a glossary should be mandatory.

C.

A good glossary should contain all items that are relevant for the system, including everyday terms that are used with a special meaning.

D.

All abbreviations and acronyms have to be defined in the glossary.

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Questions 40

Requirements elicitation: Your company has received a customer contract to develop a system for the scheduling of the customer’s delivery vans.

It is your task to identify the requirements for this scheduling system. You have arranged appointments for interviews with three key members of the customer’s staff, and are now preparing interview questions.

Which of the questions below are appropriate interview questions for the requirements elicitation? (2 Points)

Options:

A.

What are the most important technical terms for the application and how are they defined?

B.

If the delivery deadline is not met, is a contract penalty to be paid?

C.

What data quantities / data rates are to be processed?

D.

When is the installation of the completed system to be started?

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Questions 41

Choose the right option regarding stakeholders.

Options:

A.

The user is always the most important stakeholder.

B.

External users are relatively easy to contact through formal channels.

C.

Stakeholders in the wider environment (Alexander’s onion model) are still relevant.

D.

The more stakeholders you have found, the harder it becomes to find new ones.

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Questions 42

Which of the following are principles of Requirements Engineering? (Select 2 answers.)

Options:

A.

Non-validated requirements are worthless.

B.

Changing requirements are the exception, not the normal case.

C.

Systems should be isolated from proper understanding.

D.

Requirements should be viewed as means to an end, not the end in itself.

E.

Requirements Engineering is about satisfying only users’ needs.

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Questions 43

The range of things that can be shaped/designed while developing a system is called:

Options:

A.

System context

B.

System boundary

C.

System environment

D.

Scope of a system

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Questions 44

In regard to configurations and baselines in RE, it is INCORRECT to say that:

Options:

A.

The sprint backlog in an agile project should not be used as a baseline at the beginning of the next iteration.

B.

A configuration should be unchangeable.

C.

A baseline is a stable, validated, and change-controlled configuration that marks a milestone or another kind of resting point in the project.

D.

A configuration always has 2 dimensions: product and version.

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Questions 45

Which of the following sentences about template-based requirements is FALSE?

Options:

A.

They aren’t the most flexible.

B.

They put obstacles in capturing the most relevant information.

C.

They look more uniform than requirements written in natural language.

D.

They may lead requirements engineers to not focus on the requirements’ contents.

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Questions 46

“Requirements are a means to an end, not the end in itself”. Which option best reflects an end to which requirements should be viewed as a means for achieving?

Options:

A.

Producing well written specifications.

B.

Reducing the risk of failure/rework during system development.

C.

Producing validated representations of needs.

D.

Managing requirements throughout the system’s life cycle.

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Questions 47

Choose the correct option regarding elicitation techniques.

Options:

A.

Reuse of requirements is not an elicitation technique.

B.

In system archaeology, requirements are extracted from existing systems by analyzing their documentation or implementation.

C.

All the other options are wrong.

D.

During a brainstorm, quality prevails over quantity.

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Questions 48

Consider the table that lists several “Source” entries in rows and Req1–Req4 in columns, with crosses marking which requirements originate from which sources. This table is an example of a:

CPRE-FL_Syll_3.0 Question 48

Options:

A.

Traceability Matrix

B.

Configuration Control Board

C.

Decision Matrix

D.

Kano Analysis Matrix

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Questions 49

Which of the following sentences is correct?

Options:

A.

The utmost goal of Requirements Engineering is to satisfy users’ desires and needs.

B.

“Technical” is one of the three kinds of requirements.

C.

“Non-functional” is one of the three kinds of requirements.

D.

A requirement may be understood as a representation of a stakeholder’s need.

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Questions 50

Choose the correct sentence regarding phrase templates for requirements:

Options:

A.

" Will " is used for the strongest form of mandatory requirements.

B.

" May " is used for requirements that are strongly desired, but not mandatory.

C.

" Shall " is used for mandatory requirements.

D.

Even requirements using " should " are mandatory.

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Questions 51

A specification is traceable if…

Options:

A.

It falls within the relevant system scope, contributing to at least one stakeholder goal.

B.

Its requirements reflect the genuine and agreed-upon needs of stakeholders.

C.

Its requirements adhere to mandatory structuring or formatting guidelines.

D.

Its requirements are linked to their origins, to their implementation and to other dependent requirements.

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Questions 52

Which of the following are considered to be obstacles of shared understanding of requirements?

Options:

A.

Domain-specific standards

B.

Informed mutual trust

C.

Reference system known by people involved

D.

Outsourcing

E.

Regulatory constraints

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Questions 53

Taking a requirement as a reference, which type of traceability would be used to pinpoint which work product is based on this given requirement?

Options:

A.

Forward traceability

B.

Backward traceability

C.

Traceability between requirements

D.

Integrated traceability

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Questions 54

As a requirements engineer, you deal with a diverse range of requirements. A template for natural language functional requirements can help you to formulate different forms of system activities in a more precise way. Which two kinds of system activities are among those supported? (1 Point)

Options:

A.

User interaction

B.

Technical requirement

C.

Quality requirements

D.

Independent system activity

E.

System requirement

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Exam Code: CPRE-FL_Syll_3.0
Exam Name: IREB Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering Foundation Level
Last Update: Apr 30, 2026
Questions: 180

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