CRT-450 Salesforce Certified Platform Developer I (SP24) Questions and Answers

The test method fails in the sandbox test framework because it relies on existing data in the sandbox, which may not be consistent or available for the test execution. The Apex test framework uses a separate test data context that is rolled back after the test execution, so any data that is queried or inserted by the test method must be created within the test method or by using the @testSetup annotation. The Execute Anonymous window, on the other hand, runs the Apex logic in the current user context and can access the existing data in the sandbox. Therefore, the Apex logic may succeed in the Execute Anonymous window but fail in the test framework. References:

• Apex Testing (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers) (Salesforce Ben)

Performing queries inside loops is a common mistake that can lead to reaching governor limits quickly, especially in a multi-tenant environment like Salesforce where resources are shared among multiple users. It’s essential to optimize the code for efficiency and performance by reducing the total number of SOQL queries whenever possible. This can be achieved by moving queries outside of loops, using collections to hold data, and leveraging bulkified methods. References: The related learning material can be found in the “Apex Basics & Database” module on Trailhead, specifically in the unit titled “Write SOQL Queries”(1(https://trailhead.salesforce.com/content/learn/modules/apex_database/apex_database_soql%29%29.

I also noticed that you sent me an image along with your question. It seems to be a snippet of code written in Apex, which is used for Salesforce development. It shows a public static method named obtainAllFields that takes a Set of Ids as an argument and returns a List of Lead objects. Inside this method, there’s a for loop that iterates over each Id from the provided Set and performs a SOQL query to fetch all fields of the Lead record with that specific Id. Each queried Lead record is then added to the result list which is returned after all iterations are complete. This is an example of performing queries inside loops, which is not a best practice and can cause governor limit issues.

The correct answer is option B. Use Security.stripInaccessible to remove fields inaccessible to the current user. This method takes a list of records and an access type (READ, UPDATE, CREATE, or UPSERT) and returns a new list of records with the inaccessible fields removed. This way, the Lightning web component can display the records without throwing any errors due to field-level security.

Option A is incorrect because WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED is a SOQL clause that enforces field-level security on all fields in the query. If the query returns any fields that the user does not have access to, the query will throw an exception. This is not desirable for the Lightning web component, as it will prevent the component from displaying any records at all.

Option C is incorrect because Lightning Data Service is a layer of Lightning web components that provides access to Salesforce data and metadata, cache management, and data synchronization. However, Lightning Data Service does not automatically handle field-level security for the records it retrieves. The developer still needs to use Security.stripInaccessible or another method to remove the inaccessible fields.

Option D is incorrect because Lightning Locker Service is a security feature that isolates Lightning web components from each other and from the rest of the page. It does not enforce sharing rules or field-level security for the data that the components access.

References: Security.stripInaccessible (Apex Developer Guide)), WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED (Apex Developer Guide)), Lightning Data Service Basics (Trailhead)), Lightning Locker (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide))

The  component displays all messages that were generated for all components on the current page, using the ApexPages.addMessage() method. This component should be used to display messages on a Visualforce page that uses a custom controller or controller extension1. The other options are either incorrect or incomplete, as they only display a single message or require additional attributes2. References:

• ApexPages Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

The correct answer is to use the with sharing keyword in the Apex class. This keyword enforces the sharing rules that apply to the current user. This means that the Apex code respects the user’s permissions, field-level security, and sharing rules when querying or modifying records. This ensures that only records accessible to the currently logged in user are displayed. References: Apex Developer Guide

 To override the Contact’s Edit button and provide custom user interfaces in both Salesforce Classic and Lightning Experience, the developer should use a Visualforce page in Salesforce Classic and a Lightning component in Lightning Experience. This is because Visualforce pages are supported as overrides in Salesforce Classic, but not in Lightning Experience or mobile. On the other hand, Lightning components are supported as overrides in Lightning Experience and mobile, but not in Salesforce Classic. Therefore, the developer needs to use different technologies for different user interfaces. The developer can specify the override type and the page or component to use for each user interface in the Buttons, Links, and Actions settings of the Contact object. References: Override Standard Buttons and Tab Home Pages, Standard Actions and Overrides Basics, Override Buttons, Links, and Tabs with Visualforce

The global access modifier declares that the class and method are known by all Apex code everywhere, not just within the same application or package namespace. This access modifier must be used for any method that must be referenced outside of the application, either in SOAP API or by other Apex code1. The other options are either incorrect or insufficient, as they do not guarantee the accessibility of the method outside the package namespace2. References:

• Access Modifiers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Global Modifier Accessing Public Elements in a Managed Package

 In Salesforce, the sharing rules are always enforced for the running user if not explicitly stated otherwise. The running user’s permissions and field-level security are always enforced, regardless of whether the class is defined with or without sharing. So in this case, since there is no explicit sharing declaration in the provided code snippet, it defaults to enforcing the sharing rules for the running user. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Using the with sharing, without sharing, and inherited sharing Keywords
• Trailhead: Apex Sharing and Security

 The best technology to create a custom user interface component that allows users to enter and validate information about their accounts is Lightning Web Components. Lightning Web Components are reusable HTML elements that use modern JavaScript and web standards to create fast and efficient user interfaces on the Lightning Platform. Lightning Web Components can leverage the Lightning Data Service to access and manipulate Salesforce data, and use the Lightning Design System to ensure a consistent look and feel. Lightning Web Components can also use Apex methods, wire adapters, and wire functions to perform complex logic and validations on the user input before saving it to the database. Flow is a declarative tool that allows users to automate business processes and guide users through screens, but it is not a technology to create custom user interface components. Visualforce is a framework that allows developers to create custom web pages and components using a tag-based markup language and Apex controllers, but it is not as fast, efficient, or modern as Lightning Web Components. VUE JavaScript framework is an external framework that can be used to create reactive user interfaces, but it is not a native Salesforce technology and it requires additional configuration and integration to work with Salesforce data and services. References:

• Lightning Web Components (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Build Lightning Web Components (Trailhead Trail)
• Flow Basics (Trailhead Module)
• Visualforce Basics (Trailhead Module)
• VUE JavaScript Framework (Official Website)

The best way to declare maxAttempts to meet the requirements is to declare it as a private static variable on a helper class. This will ensure that the variable is initialized only once per Apex transaction, and that its value is preserved and shared across trigger executions. A private static variable is a variable that belongs to a class and not an instance, and that can only be accessed within the class. A helper class is a class that contains common methods or variables that can be used by other classes or triggers.

References: The use of private static variables and helper classes can be referenced in the Salesforce Platform Developer I learning documents, specifically in modules that cover Apex basics and triggers, such as:

• Apex Basics & Database
• Apex Triggers
• Apex Testing

The correct definition of a Lightning Web Component property that uses the getAccounts method is option C. In Salesforce, the @wire decorator is used to read data from one of the wire adapters built into Lightning Web Components or create a JavaScript property in a Lightning web component. The property is then provisioned with data, error, or both. A provisioned property has a specific shape—data and error properties—designed for working with wire services.

In this case, @wire(getAccounts, { searchTern: '$searchTern' }) accountList; is the correct syntax where:

• getAccounts is the Apex method.
• { searchTern: '$searchTern' } are parameters passed to the Apex method.
• accountList is the JavaScript property that gets assigned the data returned by getAccounts.

References: Lightning Web Components Developer Guide

A developer can execute tests in an org using the Tooling API or the Developer Console. The Tooling API allows developers to run tests programmatically by making REST or SOAP calls1. The Developer Console is a web-based tool that provides a user interface for running tests, viewing test results, and debugging code2. The Bulk API and the Metadata API are not used for executing tests, but for loading and managing large sets of data and metadata respectively3 .

References:

• Apex Developer Guide - Run Unit Test Methods
• Salesforce Help - Developer Console
• Salesforce Developer - Bulk API
• Salesforce Developer - Metadata API

Change sets are the native way to move metadata customizations between sandboxes and your production environment1. They have the following characteristics:

• Change sets can only be used between related organizations, such as those that are linked by a deployment connection2. You cannot use change sets to deploy metadata to unrelated organizations, such as those belonging to different customers.
• Change sets can only deploy metadata, not data. You cannot use change sets to transfer records, such as accounts, contacts, or custom objects records, from one organization to another2. To move data between organizations, you need to use a data loader tool or an API.
• Sending a change set between two orgs requires a deployment connection to be established between the source and the target org2. The deployment connection allows the source org to upload outbound change sets and the target org to receive inbound change sets. The target org can then deploy the change set to apply the metadata changes.
• Change sets can deploy custom settings data only if the custom settings are defined as hierarchy and not list. Also, the custom settings data can only be deployed to other sandboxes, not to production3.
• Deployment is done in a one-way, single transaction. The source org sends the change set to the target org, but the target org does not send any confirmation or feedback to the source org. The deployment is either successful or fails as a whole, and it cannot be undone2. References:
• Everything You Need to Know About Salesforce Change Sets
• Deployments by using change sets - Salesforce Tutorial
• Using Change Sets To Deploy Apex - Salesforce Developers

 The given anonymous block of code is trying to update over 10,000 Case records in a single transaction, which will exceed the governor limit. In Salesforce, there are specific limits to prevent operations from consuming excessive resources. One of these limits is the total number of records processed in a transaction. If this limit is exceeded, the transaction will fail.

References: The related information can be found under the “Apex Governor Limits” section in Salesforce documentation and learning materials on Trailhead.

I also noticed that you sent me an image along with your question. It seems to be a piece of code displayed on a screen with a light background. It’s an Anonymous Block of Apex code for Salesforce. The code snippet involves updating case records with the status “Working”. There’s an evident syntax error as it tries to retrieve 50,000 records which exceeds governor limits. A try/catch block is used to handle exceptions during the database update operation.

If you are looking for more resources to study for the Platform Developer I exam, you can check out the following links from my web search results:

• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers): This is a website that offers 60-question practice exam with answers and explanations, written by a Salesforce Developer.
• SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM DEVELOPER I: This is a PDF document that provides the exam guide, sample questions, and answers for the certification exam.
• Study for the Platform Developer I Exam | Salesforce Trailhead: This is a learning path that covers the topics and skills required for the certification exam, with interactive modules and quizzes.

 A developer can execute tests in an org using the following methods:

• Setup Menu: By browsing to setup->Apex Test Execution, the developer can select and run tests from the user interface1.
• SalesforceDX: By using the Salesforce CLI on the command line, the developer can run tests in an org using the force:apex:test:run command2. This command can also be used from Salesforce Extensions for VS Code or from within third-party continuous integration tools, such as Jenkins or CircleCI2.
• Tooling API: The developer can also run tests using the Tooling REST API. Use the /runTestsAsynchronous/ and /runTestsSynchronous/ endpoints to run tests asynchronously or synchronously3.

References:

• 1: Get a Refresh on Testing Unit | Salesforce Trailhead
• 2: Run Apex Tests | Salesforce DX Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 3: What are three ways for a developer to execute tests in an Org?

A validation rule is a formula that evaluates the data in one or more fields and returns a value of true or false. Validation rules verify that the data a user enters in a record meets the standards you specify before the user can save the record. A validation rule can contain a formula or expression that evaluates the data in one or more fields and returns a value of true or false. Validation rules also include an error message to display to the user when the rule returns a value of false after the user attempts to save the record. In this case, a validation rule can be used to prevent users from editing opportunities that have reached the Closed stage by checking the value of the StageName field and displaying an error message if the user tries to save any changes. References: Validation Rules Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Exam Guide, page 6.

The developer can use the Laptop interface within the SilverLaptop class by using the keyword ‘implements’. This keyword indicates that the SilverLaptop class is implementing the Laptop interface, which means that it must provide a body for all the methods declared in the interface. For example, the SilverLaptop class can implement the Laptop interface as follows:

public class SilverLaptop implements Laptop { // code implementation public void turnOn() { // code to turn on the laptop } public void turnOff() { // code to turn off the laptop } }

The other options are not valid ways to use the Laptop interface within the SilverLaptop class. Option A uses the annotation ‘@Extends’, which is not a valid syntax in Apex. Option B uses the keyword ‘extends’, which is used to indicate inheritance between classes, not interfaces. Option C uses the annotation ‘@Interface’, which is also not a valid syntax in Apex.

References: Interfaces | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

The view state limit is the maximum size of the serialized version of the page state that can be transferred between the server and the client. The view state includes the components, field values, and controller state of the page. To reduce the view state size, a developer can use a StandardSetController, which allows the developer to create pagination for a set of records without having to manually manage the query and the results. A StandardSetController can handle up to 10,000 records, and only the records that are displayed on the current page are included in the view state. This way, the developer can avoid querying and storing all the records in a list variable, which would increase the view state size and potentially cause errors. References:

• Visualforce Developer Guide: StandardSetController Methods
• Visualforce Developer Guide: Working with Very Large SOQL Queries
• Trailhead: Visualforce Basics

Debug logs are used to track events that occur in an org, such as database operations, Apex code execution, workflow processes, and API calls. Debug logs have different categories, levels, and filters that determine what information is logged and how much detail is included. Some of the statements about debug logs are:

• Debug log levels are cumulative, where FINE log level includes all events logged at the DEBUG, INFO, WARN, and ERROR levels. This means that setting a higher log level for a category will also log the events from the lower levels. For example, if the log level for Apex Code is FINE, then the debug log will include log messages generated by DML statements, inline SOQL or SOSL queries, the start and completion of any triggers, and the start and completion of any test method.
• The maximum size of a debug log is 5 MB. Debug logs that are larger than 5 MB are reduced in size by removing older log lines, such as log lines for earlier System.debug statements. The log lines can be removed from any location, not just the start of the debug log.
• System debug logs are retained for 24 hours. Monitoring debug logs are retained for seven days. System debug logs are generated when you have active user-based trace flags, when you run Apex tests, and when executed code or API requests include debugging parameters or headers. Monitoring debug logs are generated when you set debug log filters for specific users, classes, and triggers.

The other statements are not accurate because:

• Only the 20 most recent debug logs for a user are kept. This is not true, because the number of debug logs that are kept for a user depends on the log size and the retention period. For example, if a user has 10 debug logs that are each 1 MB in size, and another user has 10 debug logs that are each 500 KB in size, then the first user will have more debug logs retained than the second user, even if they both generated the same number of logs.
• Debug logs can be set for specific users, classes, and triggers. This is partially true, but not entirely. You can set debug log filters for specific users, classes, and triggers, but you cannot set debug log levels for them. Debug log levels are set at the org level, and they apply to all debug logs that are generated in the org.

References:

• : Debug Log Levels and Filters
• : Debug Log Size and Retention
• : Set Debug Log Filters

This SOQL query will get the record for the Viridian City gym and its trainers by using a subquery to fetch the related records from the Trainer_c object. The subquery uses the relationship name Trainer_c, which is the plural form of the custom object name with a suffix of __c. The main query uses the Name field of the Gym_c object to filter by the gym name. The query also uses the correct syntax for SOQL, which requires the use of the equal sign (=) for comparison operators, and single quotes (') for string literals. References: SOQL SELECT Syntax, [SOQL Relationships Between Objects], [SOQL Subquery]

https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.soql_sosl.meta/soql_sosl/sforce_api_calls_soql_relationships.htm : https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.soql_sosl.meta/soql_sosl/sforce_api_calls_soql_select_subquery.htm

 A Full Sandbox is a type of sandbox that has a complete duplicate copy of the production org, including all the data and configuration. A Full Sandbox is useful for testing and development purposes, as it allows the developer to perform any changes or operations without affecting the production org. A Full Sandbox also supports performance testing, load testing, and staging1.

The other options are not correct because:

• A Developer Pro Sandbox is a type of sandbox that has a copy of the production org’s configuration (metadata) and some data. A Developer Pro Sandbox is limited by storage space and can only hold up to 1 GB of data1.
• A Partial Copy Sandbox is a type of sandbox that has a copy of the production org’s configuration and a sample of the data. A Partial Copy Sandbox is limited by storage space and can only hold up to 5 GB of data. The data is selected based on a sandbox template that defines the objects and records to include1.
• A Production org is not a duplicate copy of itself, but the original org where the live data and processes are stored. A Production org is not meant for testing or development purposes, as any changes or operations can affect the users and the business2.

References:

• 1: Sandbox Types and Templates
• 2: Salesforce Environments

 By adding the @IsTest annotation above the class definition (line 01), it indicates that this class is a test class, and therefore, can only be used by other test classes. This ensures that the helper methods within are only accessible to unit tests, aligning with the best practices of encapsulation and modularity in Apex code. References: The related information can be found in the Apex Testing module on Trailhead ([Apex Testing](1(https://trailhead.salesforce.com/en/content/learn/modules/apex_testing%29%29.

The @InvocableMethod annotation is used to identify methods that can be run as invocable actions from a flow, a bot, or an NBA. There are some considerations when using this annotation in Apex, such as:

• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation must define a return value, even if it is null. This is because the invocable action must return a value to the flow, bot, or NBA that invokes it.
• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation can have only one input parameter, which can be a list of a primitive data type, a list of a specific sObject type, or a list of a generic sObject type. This is because the invocable action can accept only one input value from the flow, bot, or NBA that invokes it.
• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation must be declared as static, because it is not associated with a specific instance of the class that defines it. Static methods can be invoked without creating an object of the class.
• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation can be declared as either public or global, depending on the visibility of the invocable action. Public methods are visible within the same namespace, while global methods are visible across namespaces.
• Only one method using the @InvocableMethod annotation can be defined per Apex class, because each invocable action is associated with a single Apex class. Multiple invocable methods in the same class would cause ambiguity and confusion.

References: InvocableMethod Annotation | Apex Developer Guide, How to Invoke Apex from Flows Using InvocableMethod Annotation

The Lead Source field is a standard picklist field that indicates the source of the lead, such as web, phone inquiry, partner referral, and others1. The Lead Source field is related to the contact, account, and opportunity Source fields, and the value can be inherited from one field to the next as a lead progresses through the funnel2. To ensure that a user populates the Lead Source field prior to converting a lead, the best option is to use a validation rule. A validation rule is a formula that evaluates the data in one or more fields and returns a value of true or false3. Validation rules verify that the data a user enters in a record meets the standards you specify before the user can save the record3. By creating a validation rule on the Lead object that checks if the Lead Source field is blank, you can prevent the user from converting the lead without filling in the Lead Source field. You can also display a custom error message to inform the user of the requirement3. For example, the validation rule formula could be:

ISBLANK(LeadSource)

And the error message could be:

Please enter a value for Lead Source before converting the lead.

Using a formula field, Lead Conversion field mapping, or an after trigger on Lead are not effective ways to ensure that the user populates the Lead Source field prior to converting a lead. A formula field is a read-only field that derives its value from a formula expression you define. It cannot be edited by the user and cannot enforce data entry. Lead Conversion field mapping is a way to specify how fields in the lead record are transferred to the fields in the contact, account, and opportunity records during lead conversion. It cannot prevent the user from converting the lead without entering the Lead Source field. An after trigger on Lead is a piece of Apex code that executes after a lead record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted. It cannot validate the data entered by the user before the lead conversion occurs. References: 1 Lead | Object Reference for the Salesforce Platform | Salesforce Developers1, 2 Let’s Talk About Salesforce Lead Source | Salesforce Ben2, 3 Validation Rules | Salesforce Help3, Formula Field | Salesforce Field Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers, Map Lead Fields for Lead Conversion | Salesforce Help, Triggers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

 In order to update a record of a junction object, you must have Read/Write access on the primary relationship and Read/Write access on the junction object. A junction object is a custom object that is used to create a many-to-many relationship between two other objects via two master-detail relationships. The primary relationship is the first master-detail relationship that is created on the junction object, and the secondary relationship is the second master-detail relationship that is created on the junction object. To update a record of a junction object, you need to have Read/Write access on both the junction object and the primary relationship, because:

• Read/Write access on the junction object allows you to modify the fields and values of the junction object record, such as the name, description, or custom fields.
• Read/Write access on the primary relationship allows you to change the parent record of the junction object record, which is also known as reparenting. Reparenting is the process of moving a child record from one parent record to another in a master-detail relationship. Reparenting is not allowed by default in master-detail relationships, but it can be enabled by selecting the Allow reparenting option on the relationship field.

Read access on the primary relationship and Read/Write access on the secondary relationship are not sufficient to update a record of a junction object, because:

• Read access on the primary relationship does not allow you to change the parent record of the junction object record, which may be necessary for some updates. For example, if you want to move an OrderItem record from one Order record to another, you need to have Read/Write access on the primary relationship between OrderItem and Order.
• Read/Write access on the secondary relationship does not affect the update of the junction object record, because the secondary relationship is not involved in the update operation. The secondary relationship is only used to associate the junction object record with another parent record, but it does not allow you to modify the junction object record itself.

References: Junction Object, Reparent Records in Master-Detail Relationships, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

 Running a flow in debug mode allows the developer to test the flow logic and functionality before activating it. Debug mode also provides detailed information about the flow elements, variables, and outcomes as the flow runs1. However, there are some limitations and considerations for debugging a flow, such as:

• Callouts to external systems are not executed when debugging a flow. This means that any flow elements that invoke Apex actions or invocable actions that make callouts will be skipped during debugging. The developer can use mock responses or stubs to simulate the callout results2.
• DML operations will be rolled back when the debugging ends. This means that any changes made to the database by the flow will not be committed or visible after the debugging session. The developer can use the Developer Console or the Setup Audit Trail to view the DML operations performed by the flow3.

The other two options are incorrect because:

• Clicking Pause or executing a Pause element does not close the flow and end debugging. Instead, it pauses the flow execution and allows the developer to inspect the flow state and variables at that point. The developer can resume the flow execution by clicking Resume or Next4.
• Input variables of type record can be passed into the flow. The developer can specify the record ID or assign field values for the input record variable when debugging the flow. The developer can also use the running user or a different user as the input record variable.

References:

• 1: Debug a Flow in Flow Builder | Salesforce Help
• 2: Debug Flows That Make Callouts | Salesforce Help
• 3: Debug Flows That Perform DML Operations | Salesforce Help
• 4: [Pause a Flow | Salesforce Help]
• : [Set Input Values for a Flow | Salesforce Help]

The developer should use the lightning-input-field component to support the security requirements. This component respects the field-level security and sharing settings of the Salesforce org, and displays the appropriate data to different types of users. The other components do not have this feature, and may expose sensitive data to unauthorized users. References: Lightning Web Components Developer Guide), Secure Coding Guide)

The Apex method that is wired to the searchResults property should be defined as a static method with the @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true) annotation. This annotation enables the method to be called from the Lightning component and also allows the method to be cached by the Lightning Data Service. Caching the method improves the performance and user experience of the component, as it reduces the number of server requests and displays the data faster. The cacheable attribute should be set to true only for methods that return data that does not change frequently or does not depend on the user context. The term parameter should be used to filter the Opportunities based on the user input. References: Call Apex Methods, Improve Performance with Storable Actions, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

The sfdx commands that can be used to add testing data to a Developer sandbox are forced: data:bulk:upsert and forced: data:tree:upsert. The forced: data:bulk:upsert command uses Bulk API 2.0 to upsert records from a CSV file into an org1. The forced: data:tree:upsert command uses the SObject Tree Save API to import records from a JSON file that describes objects and relationships2. The forced: data:object:upsert command is not valid, and the forced: data:async:upsert command does not exist.

References:

• Salesforce CLI Command Reference - force:data:bulk:upsert
• Salesforce CLI Command Reference - force:data:tree:upsert

When Apex code executes inside the execute() method of an Apex class that implements the Batchable interface, the following statements are true regarding governor limits:

• The Apex governor limits might be higher due to the asynchronous nature of the transaction. Asynchronous Apex, such as Batch Apex, runs in a separate thread from the main execution and can have higher limits for some resources, such as heap size and CPU time12. For example, the maximum heap size for synchronous Apex is 6 MB, while for asynchronous Apex it is 12 MB1.
• The Apex governor limits are reset for each iteration of the execute() method. Each execution of a batch Apex job is considered a discrete transaction, and the governor limits are reset for each transaction12. For example, a batch Apex job that contains 1,000 records and is executed without the optional scope parameter from Database.executeBatch is considered five transactions of 200 records each1.

The other statements are not true because:

• The Apex governor limits are relaxed while calling the constructor of the Apex class. This statement is false, because the constructor of the Apex class is executed in the same context as the caller of the Database.executeBatch method, and the same governor limits apply2. For example, if the constructor is called from a trigger, the trigger governor limits are enforced2.
• The Apex governor limits cannot be exceeded due to the asynchronous nature of the transaction. This statement is false, because the asynchronous nature of the transaction does not prevent the Apex governor limits from being exceeded. If some Apex code exceeds a limit, the associated governor issues a runtime exception that can’t be handled1. For example, if the execute() method performs more than 200 SOQL queries, the Too many SOQL queries exception is thrown1.

References:

• : Apex Governor Limits
• : Using Batch Apex

 To avoid exceeding the view state limit of 170 KB12, the developer should implement pagination with a StandardSetController. A StandardSetController allows the developer to display a set of records in a Visualforce page with built-in support for pagination, sorting, and filtering3. By using a StandardSetController, the developer can limit the number of records that are displayed and stored in the view state at a time, and provide navigation buttons for the user to access the next or previous set of records.

The other options are not correct because:

• A. Use Lazy loading and a transient List variable. This option is not effective, because lazy loading means that the data is loaded only when it is needed, but it still requires storing the data in the view state. A transient List variable is not included in the view state, but it also means that the data is lost after each request and has to be queried again, which can affect performance and consistency.
• B. Use JavaScript remoting with SOQL Offset. This option is not recommended, because JavaScript remoting does not support pagination, sorting, or filtering, and requires additional JavaScript code to handle the callbacks and display the data. SOQL Offset is also limited to 2,000 records, and can cause performance issues when used with large data sets.
• C. Implement pagination with an OffsetController. This option is not optimal, because an OffsetController is a custom controller that uses SOQL Offset to implement pagination. As mentioned above, SOQL Offset has limitations and drawbacks that make it unsuitable for large data sets.

References:

• : Optimize the View State
• : Create More Complex Visualforce Pages with Increased View State Limit
• : StandardSetController Class
• : [Transient Keyword]
• : [SOQL OFFSET Clause]

Component and application events are two types of events that can be used to communicate between components in Lightning. Component events are handled by the component that fired the event or a component in its containment hierarchy. Application events are handled by any component that is listening to the event, regardless of where it is in the DOM1. Some of the best practices when it comes to component and application event handling are:

• Reuse the event logic in a component bundle, by putting the logic in the helper. This practice allows the developer to avoid duplicating code and to maintain consistency and modularity. The helper class can contain common methods that can be invoked by the controller or the renderer of the component2.
• Handle low-level events in the event handler and re-fire them as higher-level events. This practice allows the developer to abstract away the details of the low-level events and provide a more meaningful and relevant event for the consumers. For example, a component can handle a mouse click event and re-fire it as a select event with additional data3.

The other options are not best practices because:

• Use component events to communicate actions that should be handled at the application level. This practice is not recommended, because component events are scoped to the component that fired them or its parents. If the action should be handled by a component that is not in the same containment hierarchy, the component event will not reach it. Application events are more suitable for cross-component communication1.
• Try to use application events as opposed to component events. This practice is not advisable, because application events are broadcast to all components that are listening to them, which can cause performance issues and unwanted side effects. Component events are more efficient and secure, as they are only handled by the relevant components1.

References:

• : Communicating with Events
• : Helper Functions
• : Advanced Events Example

 The code snippet is likely to exceed the governor limit for the total number of records retrieved by SOQL queries. In Salesforce, there is a limit on the total number of records that can be retrieved by SOQL queries in a transaction. This limit helps in preventing the overconsumption of shared resources. If a Lightning web component tries to retrieve more than 50,000 records, it will hit this governor limit1.

The code snippet has a SOQL query inside a for loop, which is a bad practice and should be avoided. The query retrieves all the lead records with the Origin_c field, regardless of whether they are related to the current component or not. This can result in a large number of records being returned, especially if the environment has more than 2,000 lead records. The query also does not use any filters or limits to reduce the number of records. The code then updates the LeadSource field of each record and performs a DML operation inside the loop, which is another bad practice and should be avoided. The DML operation can also trigger other processes, such as workflows, triggers, or validation rules, that can consume more resources and cause other governor limits to be exceeded.

A better way to write the code would be to use a list variable to store the lead records that need to be updated, and use a SOQL query outside the loop with filters and limits to retrieve only the relevant records. Then, iterate over the list and update the LeadSource field of each record. Finally, perform a single DML operation outside the loop to update the list of records. This way, the code will reduce the number of SOQL queries and DML statements, and the number of records retrieved and processed.

References:

• Apex Governor Limits | Salesforce Developer Limits and Allocations Quick Reference | Salesforce Developers
• Apex Code Best Practices | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• SOQL For Loops | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

A helper is a JavaScript resource that contains functions that can be reused by the component’s controller or other helpers. A controller is a JavaScript resource that contains functions that handle user interactions and events in the component. A renderer is a JavaScript resource that overrides the default rendering behavior of the component. A style is a CSS resource that defines the appearance of the component. A design is an XML resource that specifies the design-time attributes for the component. References: Using JavaScript, Using External JavaScript Libraries In Aura Component, Expression Functions Reference

• View the Apex Jobs page and query the AsyncApexJob object are two ways a developer can get the status of an enqueued job for a class that implements the Queueable interface. They are both methods to monitor and manage the asynchronous Apex jobs that are submitted to the Apex job queue12.
• View the Apex Jobs page is a user interface option that allows a developer to see the status and results of the asynchronous Apex jobs in the Setup menu of Salesforce. It can show the progress, completion, failure, or cancellation of the jobs, as well as the start time, end time, submitted by, and apex class name of the jobs12.
• Query the AsyncApexJob object is a programmatic option that allows a developer to retrieve the status and results of the asynchronous Apex jobs using SOQL. It can access the same fields and information as the Apex Jobs page, as well as additional fields such as JobType, ParentJobId, and ExtendedStatus12.
• View the Apex Status page and view the Apex Flex Queue are two other options, but they are not applicable for the Queueable interface. They are used for different types of asynchronous Apex jobs12.
• View the Apex Status page is an option that allows a developer to see the status and results of the batch Apex jobs and future methods in the Setup menu of Salesforce. It can show the number of batches or methods processed, failed, or remaining, as well as the start time, end time, submitted by, and apex class or method name of the jobs12.
• View the Apex Flex Queue is an option that allows a developer to see and reorder the pending batch Apex jobs that are waiting to be processed in the Setup menu of Salesforce. It can hold up to 100 batch Apex jobs that exceed the limit of 5 concurrent jobs. It can show the apex class name, submitted by, and submitted date of the jobs12.

References:

• 1: Asynchronous Apex
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Automation and Logic

The code should be altered to collect the insert method return value as a SaveResult variable, which can provide information about the success or failure of the insert operation, as well as any errors that occurred. The SaveResult variable can be used to print the error messages or debug logs, or to perform conditional logic based on the outcome of the insert operation. For example, the code can be modified as follows:

Account a = new Account(Name = ‘A’); SaveResult sr = Database.insert(a, false); if (sr.isSuccess()) { System.debug(‘Account inserted successfully’); } else { System.debug('Account insertion failed: ’ + sr.getErrors()[0].getMessage()); }

The second parameter of the Database.insert method is the allOrNone option, which specifies whether to roll back the entire transaction or not if any record fails to insert. Setting it to true or false does not affect the debugging of the issue, but only the behavior of the transaction. Adding a System.debug() statement before the insert method does not help to debug the issue, because it does not provide any information about the insert operation itself. Adding a try/catch around the insert method can help to handle any exceptions that may occur during the insert operation, but it does not provide the same level of detail as the SaveResult variable.

References: SaveResult Class, Database.insert method, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

VSCode and SFDX CLI are two tools that can be used to run a script that deploys to a sandbox. VSCode is a code editor that supports Salesforce development with the Salesforce Extension Pack1. SFDX CLI is a command-line interface that allows you to perform various tasks related to Salesforce development, such as creating projects, pushing and pulling source code, running tests, and deploying to orgs2. Both tools can be integrated with a version control system and a CI/CD pipeline to automate the deployment process to a sandbox3. Change Sets and Developer Console are not tools that can run a script that deploys to a sandbox. Change Sets are a declarative way of deploying metadata changes from one org to another. Developer Console is an integrated development environment that allows you to edit, debug, and test Apex code and Visualforce pages. Neither of them can execute a custom script that deploys to a sandbox. References: 1: Visual Studio Code - Salesforce Developers (1) 2: Salesforce CLI - Salesforce Developers (2) 3: How to Work with Developer Sandboxes and the Salesforce CLI (1 of 2) | Salesforce Developers Blog (3) : Change Sets - Salesforce Help (4) : Developer Console - Salesforce Help (5)

The Test class provides a method called getStandardPricebookId() that returns the ID of the standard price book in the organization1. This method allows access to the standard price book without using SeeAllData or loading a static resource. The other options are either invalid or unnecessary for this purpose. References:

• Test Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers

The developer should use an external ID field to ensure the data being integrated is matched to the right records in Salesforce. An external ID field is a custom field that has the External ID attribute, meaning that it contains unique record identifiers from a system outside of Salesforce. When you integrate with an external system, you can use an external ID field to match records based on the external system’s ID, rather than the Salesforce ID. This way, you can avoid creating duplicate records or updating the wrong records. An external ID field can also be used as a relationship field to relate records to other objects. A lookup field is a relationship field that allows users to select a record from another object. A formula field is a read-only field that derives its value from a formula expression. An external object is a custom object that maps to data stored outside Salesforce, such as in an external database. These options are not relevant to matching records based on an external system’s ID. References:

• Salesforce Help: External ID Fields, page 1
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Data Modeling, unit 2

 The code snippet uses the ternary operator in Apex, which is a shorthand way of writing an if-else statement. The syntax is condition ? value_if_true : value_if_false. The condition is evaluated first, and then either the value_if_true or the value_if_false is returned, depending on the result of the condition. In this case, the condition is a > b, which is false, since a is 1 and b is 2. Therefore, the value_if_false is returned, which is a, which is 1. Hence, the value of x is 1. References:

• Apex Basics for .NET Developers, page 9
• [Apex Developer Guide], section “Ternary Operator”

 To efficiently generate the required data for each unit test, the best approach is to use @TestSetup with a void method. This annotation allows you to create common test data that is available for all test methods in the test class. The data is rolled back after each test method, so you don’t have to worry about deleting or modifying it. This way, you can avoid duplicating code and improve performance by reducing the number of DML operations. The other options are not correct because:

• Creating test data before Test.startTest in the unit test means that you have to repeat the same code for every test method that needs the same data. This can make your test class longer and harder to maintain. It also consumes more DML statements and governor limits.
• Creating a mock using the Stub API is useful for testing callouts or interfaces, not for creating test data. A mock object is a fake object that simulates the behavior of a real object. It does not persist any data in the database.
• Adding @IsTest(seeAllData=true) at the start of the unit test class is not a good practice, as it makes your test methods depend on the data in the org. This can cause your tests to fail or behave inconsistently if the data changes or is not available. It also exposes your test methods to the risk of violating data privacy or security policies. References:
• Generate Data for Tests
• Testing Best Practices
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers)

The Create Records element allows you to create one or more new records of a specific object type in a Flow1. In this case, the developer needs to create a new Contact record and store its ID on the Opportunity record. The other options are either incorrect or unnecessary, as they do not create a new record or assign its ID to another record23. References:

• Create Records | Flow Builder | Salesforce Developers
• Get Records | Flow Builder | Salesforce Developers
• Update Records | Flow Builder | Salesforce Developers

A trace flag is a configuration that specifies the debug level, the start time, the end time, and the log type for a user, an Apex class, or an Apex trigger. The log types are DEVELOPER_LOG, USER_DEBUG, and CLASS_TRACING. A trace flag can be configured for Visualforce, Apex classes, and users to enable logging of their activities and events. For example, a trace flag can be set for a Visualforce page to capture the execution time, view state, and heap size. A trace flag can also be set for an Apex class or trigger to override the default logging level and capture more or less information. A trace flag can also be set for a user to monitor their actions and interactions with Salesforce. A trace flag cannot be configured for Process Builder or outbound messages, as they are not supported log types. References:

• TraceFlag from the Tooling API Developer Guide
• Debug Log Levels from the Salesforce Help
• Set Up Debug Logging from the Salesforce Help

The error occurs because the code is not bulkified, meaning it doesn’t efficiently handle more than one record at a time. In Salesforce, there are governor limits that restrict the number of records you can process to ensure that no single operation consumes too many resources. In this case:

• Option C: Moving the DML that saves opportunities outside of the for loop will help in bulkifying the code to handle multiple records efficiently without hitting governor limits.
• Option D: Querying for existing opportunities outside of the for loop will also contribute to making sure that the code is bulkified and efficient.

References: Apex Developer Guide on Bulkifying Code (1

 The @InvocableMethod annotation is used to identify a method in an Apex class that can be called from a flow, a bot, or an NBA strategy. It is a helpful annotation to provide a seamless admin-friendly way to call the Apex code using simple flows. Invoking Apex from flow is a significant option for providing design patterns that can solve many business problems while also providing great user experience. The other annotations are not suitable for this scenario, as they have different purposes and limitations. For example, the @future annotation is used to execute a method asynchronously, the @RemoteAction annotation is used to expose a method to a Visualforce page, and the @AuraEnabled annotation is used to enable a method to be called from a Lightning web component or an Aura component. References: Annotations, How to Invoke Apex from Flows Using InvocableMethod Annotation, Salesforce Flow

 To allow reporting on which companies have reported which bugs, a junction object between Bug__c and Account is needed. A junction object is a custom object with two master-detail relationships, one to each of the objects it is joining. A junction object allows many-to-many relationships between objects, such as Bug__c and Account in this scenario. With a junction object, each bug can be related to multiple accounts, and each account can be related to multiple bugs. A roll-up summary field, a lookup field, or a master-detail field would not allow this kind of relationship, as they only support one-to-many or one-to-one relationships between objects. References:

• Define Relationships Between Custom Objects (Trailhead Module)
• Relationships Among Objects (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers) (Salesforce Ben)

When multiple triggers are associated to the same object and event, such as before insert or after update, the trigger execution order cannot be guaranteed by Salesforce1. This means that the triggers may run in any order, and the order may change from one execution to another. Therefore, it is not advisable to rely on the order of execution of triggers, or to assume that the order is based on the trigger name, creation date, or modification date. Instead, it is recommended to use a single trigger per object and event, and use helper classes or methods to handle the logic for different scenarios2. References:

• Triggers and Order of Execution - Apex Developer Guide - Salesforce Developers
• Best Practices for Implementing Salesforce Triggers - Salesforce Developers Blog

The Order Number field should be defined as an External ID and Unique field in Salesforce. This is because the Order Number is a unique identifier that comes from an external system and needs to be matched with the corresponding order records in Salesforce. An External ID field allows you to use the Order Number as a foreign key for data integration and upsert operations. A Unique field ensures that no two order records have the same Order Number in Salesforce. References:

• Order Fields - Salesforce
• Order | Salesforce Field Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Allow Standard Order Number Field to be Overwritten - Salesforce
• How to Create Number Field Type in Salesforce

The Limits class contains methods that return limit information for specific resources, such as the number of DML statements, the amount of CPU time, or the number of SOQL queries. There are two versions of every method: the first returns the amount of the resource that has been used while the second version contains the word limit and returns the total amount of the resource that is available. See Execution Governors and Limits1. References: 1: Limits Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers(https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_limits.htm)

 To satisfy the requirements, a developer should implement a flow and an invocable method. A flow is a declarative tool that allows you to automate business processes by collecting data and performing actions in your org or an external system1. An invocable method is a method that can be called by a flow, a process, or another Apex method2. By using a flow and an invocable method, the developer can achieve the following steps:

• Create a flow that guides the sales rep through the scripted steps with each new customer they create1.
• In the flow, use an Apex action to invoke an invocable method that calls the REST endpoint of UC’s ERP system and passes the customer information as a parameter23.
• In the invocable method, use the HttpRequest and HttpResponse classes to send a GET request to the REST endpoint and receive a response that contains the customer data4.
• In the invocable method, parse the response body and return the customer data as an output parameter to the flow24.
• In the flow, use a screen element to display the customer data to the sales rep if the customer exists in the ERP system1.

Using a future method or a trigger are not effective ways to satisfy the requirements. A future method is a method that runs in the background, asynchronously, after the current transaction finishes5. A trigger is a piece of Apex code that executes before or after a record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted. Neither of these options can interact with the flow or the sales rep, and they are not suitable for calling a REST endpoint that requires a synchronous response5 . References: 1 Automate Your Business Processes with Flows | Salesforce Trailhead1, 2 InvocableMethod Annotation | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers2, 3 Call Apex Code from a Flow | Salesforce Trailhead3, 4 Apex REST Callouts | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers4, 5 Asynchronous Apex | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers5, Triggers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

The code snippet uses a for loop to create a list of 200 Account objects, each with a unique name. Then, it uses the Database.insert method to insert the list of accounts into the database in one DML operation. The Database.insert method returns a list of Database.SaveResult objects, which contain information about the success or failure of each record insertion. However, the code snippet does not check the results or handle any errors that might occur. Therefore, the result of the code snippet is that 200 accounts are inserted, unless an exception is thrown due to a trigger, validation rule, governor limit, or other reason. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Using Database Methods
• Apex Developer Guide: Bulk DML Exception Handling
• Trailhead: Apex Basics & Database

 A lookup field creates a relationship that links one object to another object. The relationship field allows users to click a lookup icon to select a value from a popup list. The other object is the source of the values in the list1. In this case, the developer should add a lookup field on the Account object to the Global Address object, so that multiple Accounts can share the same Global Address as their default pickup address. This way, the Global Address object can store the common address information for different Accounts, and the Account object can reference the Global Address object via the lookup field. A master-detail field creates a parent-child relationship between two objects, where the master object controls certain behaviors of the detail object. The detail object inherits the sharing and security settings of its master object2. In this case, a master-detail field is not suitable, because the Global Address object should not be dependent on the Account object, or vice versa. The Global Address object should be able to exist independently of the Account object, and the Account object should be able to have multiple Global Address records associated with it. References:

• Object Relationships Overview | Salesforce Help
• Relationships Among Objects | Salesforce Help

To find the current user’s default record type for a given object, such as Opportunity, the developer can use the Opportunity.SObjectType.getDescribe().getRecordTypeInfos() method to get a list of RecordTypeInfo objects that represent the record types available to the current user1. Then, the developer can iterate through the list and check the isDefaultRecordTypeMapping() method on each RecordTypeInfo object to determine which one is the default record type for the current user2. The default record type is the one that is automatically assigned to new records created by the user, unless the user selects a different record type3.

The developer cannot use the other options to find the current user’s default record type. Option A is incorrect because there is no such method as profile.Opportunity.getDefaultRecordType(). Option C is incorrect because there is no such class as Schema.userInfo. Option D is incorrect because it does not find the default record type before inserting the record, but rather after creating the record, which may not be the same as the default record type. References:

• RecordTypeInfo Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Get Default Record Type Id & Name in Apex - Salesforce Stack Exchange
• Set Record Type Preferences - Salesforce Help

A screen-based flow is a type of flow that allows you to create a guided, visual experience for users to collect and update data, execute logic, call Apex classes, and more. Screen-based flows are ideal for creating interactive processes that require user input and feedback, such as the scenario of processing damaged or stolen credit cards. A screen-based flow can be embedded in a Lightning page, a Visualforce page, a utility bar, or a custom tab, and can be launched from various places, such as a button, a link, a Lightning component, or a process. A screen-based flow can also leverage standard and custom objects, variables, formulas, and other elements to create dynamic and complex business logic. References: Screen-Based Flows Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Exam Guide, page 7.

• Bulk API is a RESTful API that allows you to load or delete large sets of data in Salesforce. It does not bypass the storage limits of your environment, but it can handle more records and run faster than other APIs12. Bulk API is useful for development, testing, and integration scenarios.
• Developer and Developer Pro sandboxes are two types of sandboxes that you can use to create and test applications in Salesforce. They have different storage limits and refresh intervals. Developer sandboxes have a 200 MB data storage limit and can be refreshed once per day. Developer Pro sandboxes have a 1 GB data storage limit and can be refreshed once every 5 days3 .
• Data import wizard is a web-based tool that you can use to import or update up to 50,000 records in Salesforce. It is not a client application, but a feature that is available in the Setup menu of Salesforce .

References:

• 1: Bulk API Developer Guide
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Data Modeling and Management
• 3: Sandbox Types and Templates
• : Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Testing and Debugging
• : [What Is the Data Import Wizard?]
• : Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Business Logic and Process Automation

To include a custom SVG in a Lightning web component, you need to follow these three steps:

• Upload the SVG as a static resource. You can use the Static Resource page in Setup or the Salesforce CLI to upload the SVG file as a static resource. You need to give it a name and a description, and optionally specify a cache control setting1.
• Import the static resource and provide a getter for it in JavaScript. In your Lightning web component’s JavaScript file, you need to import the static resource using the @salesforce/resourceUrl module. Then, you need to define a getter function that returns the URL of the static resource2. For example:

JavaScript

import { LightningElement } from 'lwc';

import customSVG from '@salesforce/resourceUrl/customSVG';

export default class MyComponent extends LightningElement {

get svgURL() {

return customSVG;

}

}

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

• Reference the getter in the HTML template. In your Lightning web component’s HTML template, you need to use the 

HTML

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

In the JavaScript file, you also need to define a handleSVGLoaded method that uses the XMLHttpRequest object to fetch the SVG content and append it to the 

JavaScript

handleSVGLoaded(event) {

const svgElement = event.target;

const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();

xhr.open('GET', this.svgURL, true);

xhr.onload = () => {

svgElement.innerHTML = xhr.responseText;

};

xhr.send();

}

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

References:

• 1: Create and Upload a Static Resource (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide)
• 2: Use a Static Resource (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide)
• 3: Use lwc:dom=“manual” (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide)
• 4: Load the SVG Content (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide)

Marking the field as Required on the field definition ensures that the field cannot be left blank or null when a record is created or updated, regardless of the page layout or the API. This is the most efficient way to enforce a value for the picklist field, as it does not require any additional configuration or code. Setting the first value as the default value does not prevent the user from changing or clearing the value. Setting a validation rule requires writing a formula and handling error messages. Marking the field as Required on the page layout only affects the user interface, not the API or other tools. References:

• Create a Custom Picklist Field from the Salesforce Help
• Get Started with Picklists from the Salesforce Trailhead
• Picklist Considerations from the Salesforce Help

The correct answers are option C and option D. Lightning Web Components are self-contained and reusable units of an application that follow web standards and can leverage modern web features. They also benefit from a rich component ecosystem that includes standard components, custom components, and third-party components. Visualforce, on the other hand, is a legacy framework that relies on server-side rendering and proprietary markup. It does not offer the same level of modularity, performance, and interoperability as Lightning Web Components. References: The information can be referenced from the official Salesforce documentation and learning materials available on Trailhead. Specifically, it aligns with the objectives outlined in Lightning Web Components Basics, where the benefits and features of Lightning Web Components are discussed. Lightning Web Components Basics

To declare variables that cannot change once a value is assigned, the developer can use the final keyword, which means that the variable can only be assigned a value once, either when declaring the variable or inside a constructor1. For example:

Java

// Declare a final variable and assign its value when declaring

final Integer creditAmount = 1000;

// Declare a final variable and assign its value in the constructor

final Integer debtAmount;

public MyClass() {

debtAmount = 500;

}

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

The developer cannot use the static keyword to achieve the same effect, as static variables are not final by default. Static variables are used to store class-level information that is shared across all instances of the class, and they can be changed by any method in the class or by external classes2. For example:

Java

// Declare a static variable and assign its value in the class constructor

static Integer creditAmount;

public MyClass() {

creditAmount = 1000;

}

// Declare a static variable and assign its value in a static initializer

static Integer debtAmount;

static {

debtAmount = 500;

}

// Change the value of the static variables in a method

public void updateAmounts(Integer newCredit, Integer newDebt) {

creditAmount = newCredit;

debtAmount = newDebt;

}

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

References:

• Using the final Keyword | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Using the static Keyword | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

The Test.loadData < > method inserts test records from the specified static resource .csv file and for the specified sObject type, and returns a list of the inserted sObjects1. The file contains field names and values for the test records. The first line of the file must contain the field names and subsequent lines are the field values. To learn more about static resources, see “Defining Static Resources” in the Salesforce online help2. This method is useful for creating test data with specific field values without writing code. The other options are either incorrect or less efficient for this purpose. Anonymous Apex is a way to execute Apex code on demand in the Developer Console, but it is not a recommended way to create test data, as it is not part of the test class and may affect the org data3. SOQL is a query language that can retrieve data from the org, but it cannot create new data. Also, using SOQL to access existing data in a test class requires the @IsTest (SeeAllData=true) annotation, which is not a best practice, as it may cause test failures or unpredictable results4. Test.loadData does not support JSON files, only CSV files1. References:

• Test Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Defining Static Resources | Salesforce Help
• Anonymous Apex | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

In this scenario, a formula field is the most appropriate choice to calculate the ratio between rejected and approved timesheets for a given project. This is because formula fields automatically calculate their values based on other fields’ values, requiring no additional maintenance or manual intervention when the related fields are updated. They are used for read-only purposes and are visible to users if they have read access to the object containing the formula field. References: The use of formula fields for automatic calculations can be referenced in Salesforce’s official documentation and learning modules, specifically under the section that covers objects and fields in Salesforce (Objects and Fields.

The with sharing keyword on the class declaration enforces the sharing rules that apply to the current user. This means that the user can only see and modify the records that they have access to based on the organization-wide defaults, role hierarchy, sharing rules, manual sharing, teams, and territories. The without sharing keyword, on the other hand, ignores the sharing rules and allows the user to access all records, regardless of ownership or sharing settings. This can pose a security risk and should be used with caution. The schema describe calls and the UserInfo Apex class do not directly affect the sharing rules, but rather provide information about the object and field permissions, and the user’s profile and role, respectively. These can be used to check the user’s access level, but not to enforce the sharing rules on the custom search tool. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Using the with sharing, without sharing, and inherited sharing Keywords, pages 13-14
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Apex Basics and Database, unit 3

A roll-up summary field calculates values from a set of related records, such as those in a related list. You can create a roll-up summary field on the object that is on the master side of a master-detail relationship, such as the Order object, and summarize the values of a field in the detail records, such as the Order Line items. You can choose the SUM roll-up type to get the total of all Order Line item totals on the Order record. This is the best practice because it does not require any code or additional actions to maintain the accuracy of the field value. References: Implement Roll-Up Summary Fields Unit | Salesforce Trailhead, Roll-Up Summary Field - Salesforce, How to create Roll-Up Summary fields in Salesforce

To communicate from a child component to a parent component, the best option is to create a custom event in the child component and dispatch it to the parent component. The parent component can then listen for the event and handle it accordingly. For example, the child component can create a custom event called navigate and pass the page reference as a detail. The parent component can then use a handler to catch the event and use the navigation service to navigate to the next page.

Option A is incorrect because firing a notification is not a reliable way to communicate between components, as it depends on the user’s settings and preferences. Option B is incorrect because updating a property on the parent component requires the child component to have access to the parent’s property, which violates the principle of component encapsulation and modularity. Option C is incorrect because calling a method in the Apex controller is not necessary for navigation purposes, and it would introduce an extra server round-trip and potential performance issues.

References: Communicate with Events | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide, Basic Navigation | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide, Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Lightning Web Components

A developer can execute tests in an org using different methods, depending on the context and the tools available. The Tooling API1 allows developers to run tests programmatically by making REST or SOAP calls. The Setup Menu2 provides a user interface for running tests in the Salesforce org. Salesforce DX3 is a command-line tool that enables developers to create, test, and deploy applications using scratch orgs, which are temporary and customizable orgs for development and testing purposes. References: 1: Tooling API | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers(https://cloudely.com/salesforce-interview-questions-with-answers/),  2: Run Unit Tests | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers(https://www.exam4training.com/what-are-three-ways-for-a-developer-to-execute-tests-in-an-org-choose-3/),  3: Salesforce DX | Salesforce Developers(https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/types-of-software-testing/)

 Importing data using the Data Loader and the Bulk API causes a before trigger to fire by default for Accounts. A before trigger is a type of trigger that executes before a record is saved to the database. A before trigger can be used to validate or modify the record values before they are inserted or updated1. When using the Data Loader or the Bulk API to import data, the before trigger will run for each batch of records that are processed2.

The other options are not correct because:

• Renaming or replacing picklist values does not cause a before trigger to fire, as it does not affect the record values directly. However, it may affect the validation rules or formulas that reference the picklist values3.
• Converting Leads to Contact accounts does not cause a before trigger to fire, as it is a special operation that bypasses the standard trigger execution order. Instead, the LeadConvert class can be used to override the default lead conversion process and invoke custom logic.
• Updating addresses using the Mass Address update tool does not cause a before trigger to fire, as it is a tool that allows users to update address fields on multiple records at once. However, it may cause an after trigger to fire, as it updates the records in the database.

References:

• 1: Triggers and Order of Execution
• 2: Bulk API Developer Guide
• 3: Rename or Replace Picklist Values
• : Apex Developer Guide: LeadConvert Class
• : Mass Update Addresses

The number of times a trigger can fire depends on the number of records that are processed and the number of DML operations that are performed. Some operations can cause the trigger to fire multiple times, either by updating the same records or by updating related records. These operations include:

• Process Flows: A process flow is a declarative tool that can automate complex business processes by executing actions based on criteria. A process flow can update the same record that triggered it, or a related record, which can cause the trigger to fire again1.
• Workflow Rules: A workflow rule is a declarative tool that can automate tasks and field updates based on criteria. A workflow rule can update the same record that triggered it, or a related record, which can cause the trigger to fire again2.
• Roll-Up Summary fields: A roll-up summary field is a custom field that aggregates child record information into a parent record. A roll-up summary field can update the parent record when a child record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted, which can cause the trigger to fire again3.

The other options do not affect the number of times a trigger can fire. Criteria-based sharing calculations and email messages do not update records or cause DML operations. References:

• Process Automation | Salesforce Help
• Workflow Rules | Salesforce Help
• Roll-Up Summary Fields | Salesforce Help