CTAL-TA_Syll2019 ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Analyst (Syllabus 2019) Questions and Answers

The risk impact is the measure of the potential negative consequences of a risk item on the project objectives. It depends on the severity of the defect, the frequency of occurrence, and the visibility to the stakeholders. Since requirement R1 is business critical, any failure in meeting this requirement would have a significant impact on the customer satisfaction, the reputation of the organization, and the legal compliance. Therefore, the risk impact for requirement R1 should be categorized as high or very high, regardless of the likelihood of occurrence.  References  =

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst 1 , page 2

Risk Based Testing: Approach, Matrix, Process & Examples 2 , section “Risk Impact Assessment”

What is Risk Based Testing: With Best Practices 3 , section “Risk Impact Analysis”

State transition testing is a technique that tests the behaviour of a system or component based on its transitions between states in response to events. It is suitable for testing systems that have complex interactions and dependencies, such as a car navigation system that needs to integrate with other car software components. State transition testing can verify the functional correctness of the system by checking if it responds correctly to different inputs and events, and if it reaches the expected states and outputs.  References  =  ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst , page 54, section 4.2.2.2.

The classification tree shows the combinations of power units and body styles for the Supercar online vehicle sales website. Since SUVs are not available in hybrid, and the existing test cases already cover petrol SUV, electric saloon, and petrol hatchback, the missing test case is hybrid hatchback to achieve minimum class coverage.  References  =  ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst , Section 3.2.3, Classification Trees 1 ;  ISTQB Advanced Level Test Analyst (CTAL) Exam Study Guide , Section 3.2.3, Classification Trees 2

The correct answer is B. The acceptance criteria are not testable.

The acceptance criteria are not testable

The acceptance criteria are not testable because they are vague and subjective. They do not specify any measurable or observable outcomes or conditions that can be verified by the test analyst. For example, what does “as fast as possible” or “easily” mean in terms of performance and usability? How can the test analyst determine if the user does not leave during the transaction or if they log in easily? The acceptance criteria should be rewritten to include clear and quantifiable criteria, such as response time, error rate, user satisfaction, etc 1 .

References =

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst 2 , Section 2.1.1 Test Analyst Tasks in the Test Process

ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide 3 , Section 2.1.1 Test Analyst Tasks in the Test Process

What is User Story and Acceptance Criteria (Examples) 4 , Section 2. What is Acceptance Criteria?

A decision table is a technique that shows the possible combinations of conditions and actions for a given problem. A decision table that is not collapsed has one test case for each combination of conditions, regardless of whether the actions are the same or different. The tax system specification has three conditions: salary less than €20,000, married, and number of children between three and four. Each condition has two possible values: true or false. Therefore, the number of test cases for a non-collapsed decision table is 2^3 = 8.  References  =

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst 1 , page 2

Decision tables - IBM 2 , section “Decision table overview”

Pairwise testing is a test design technique that reduces the number of test cases needed to cover all possible combinations of input parameters, by testing only pairs of parameters at a time. It is based on the assumption that most defects are caused by interactions of at most two factors. Pairwise testing is suitable for testing systems that have multiple parameters with discrete values, such as browsers, plug-ins, servers, and operating systems. It can help to find defects that are related to the compatibility and interoperability of the system in different environments.  References  =  ISTQB Advanced Level Test Analyst Syllabus 2019 , section 3.2.3;  Pairwise Testing or All-Pairs Testing Tutorial with Tools and Examples ;  Test Design Techniques , section 5.4.

The correct answer is A. Functional testing.

Functional testing

Functional testing is the type of testing that focuses on completeness, appropriateness, and correctness characteristics of the application under test. Completeness means that all the functions and features of the application are tested. Appropriateness means that the functions and features are suitable for the intended purpose and meet the user’s needs. Correctness means that the functions and features produce the expected results and do not contain any errors or defects 1 .

References =

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst 2 , Section 3.2.2 Functionality

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst 3 , Section 3.2.2 Functionality

ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide 4 , Section 3.2.2 Functionality

The correct answer is A. Create test data for the keywords that includes error data and verifies the proper error is returned.

Create test data for the keywords that includes error data and verifies the proper error is returned

This is the best way to test the error conditions and still use the keyword-driven tests because it allows the reuse of the existing keywords and functions, while providing different inputs and expected outputs for the test cases. It also ensures that the error checking is automated and consistent, and that the test coverage is adequate 1 .

References =

Keyword Driven Testing Framework with Example 2 , Section How to create Keyword Driven Framework

What is Keyword Driven Testing: A Detailed Tutorial With Examples 3 , Section How to perform Keyword Driven Testing

KEYWORD DRIVEN TESTING 4 , Section How to do Keyword Driven Testing

The level of detail and documentation required for test cases in the project depends on the type of application under test, the standards followed by the organization, and the maturity of the development process. For a medical domain application that is undergoing frequent changes, it is advisable to use low-level test cases that provide more details and specifications for each feature. Low-level test cases can support both the external audit and the new junior testers by ensuring traceability between the requirements and the test scenarios, as well as by facilitating future changes or enhancements. Low-level test cases can also be reviewed and updated by both experienced domain-based testers and junior testers who have extensive knowledge of the medical domain.  References  =

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Overview of Syllabi 1 , page 10

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst 2 , page 2

Healthcare Domain Testing: 60 Sample Test Case Examples 3 , section “Testing Types for Healthcare Applications”

Incident logging and reporting is an important part of incident management, as it helps to document the incident details, communicate the incident status, and analyze the incident causes and impacts 1 .  One of the steps in incident logging and reporting is to identify and log any new risks that have surfaced as a result of the incident 2 .  This helps to assess the severity and priority of the incident, as well as to plan for risk mitigation and contingency actions 3 .  Debugging the code and updating the test automation are not part of incident logging and reporting, but rather part of incident resolution and recovery 4 .  None is not a valid answer, as there is always room for improvement in incident management 5 .

References  =  1 :  5 Steps to Create an Effective Incident Reporting Procedure   2 :  12 Things To Include In An Incident Report Log (Full Guide)   3 :  Incident reporting procedure example and flow chart   4 :  What is incident management? Steps, tips, and best practices   5 :  Incident Management: Process, System, & Tools

A usability review is a technique that evaluates the usability of a system or product based on a set of criteria or heuristics, without involving the actual users. It can be performed by experts or peers, and it can identify potential usability problems and suggest improvements. A usability review is suitable for situations where the availability of users is limited or impractical, and it can provide quick and low-cost feedback.  References  =  ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst , page 81, section 5.3.2.2.

Risk mitigation is the process of implementing actions to reduce the probability and/or impact of risks 1 .  When you execute the tests in priority order based on the risk ratings, you are performing risk mitigation, as you are trying to prevent or minimize the potential failures and defects in the system 2 .  Risk planning, identification, and assessment are the previous steps in the risk management process, which help to prepare for risk mitigation 3 .

References  =  1 :  Risk Mitigation – Planning, Implementing, and Monitoring   2 :  Risk Based Testing Approach for Agile Teams   3 :  The Ultimate Guide to Risk Based Testing: Risk Management in Software Testing

The correct answer is C. All the expected environments and combinations.

All the expected environments and combinations

Interoperability testing should target all the expected environments and combinations that the system will interact with in the real world. This will ensure that the system can function correctly and reliably with different hardware, software, network, and external factors that may affect its communication and compatibility with other systems 1 .

References =

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst 2 , Section 3.2.2 Interoperability

ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide 3 , Section 3.2.2 Interoperability

A Simple Guide to Interoperability Testing (with Examples) 4 , Section 2. How to do Interoperability testing

Exhibit B is the only state transition diagram that matches the text description of Acme’s elevator door rules. It shows that the doors can transition between four states: Opened, Closing, Closed, and Opening. The transitions are triggered by either commands (open or close) or sensors (opened or closed). The diagram also shows that the open command can reverse the closing state, and the close command can reverse the opening state, as specified in the text. The other exhibits do not show the correct transitions or conditions for the elevator door system.  References  =

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst, page 2

State Transition Testing Technique with Diagrams, section “State Transition Diagram”

State Transition Testing - Tutorialspoint, section “State Transition Diagram”

The correct answer is A. Execute test case A on iOS and Android (latest version) using FireFox (latest version).

Execute test case A on iOS and Android (latest version) using FireFox (latest version)

This is an example of an adaptability test that should be executed by a Test Analyst because it tests the compatibility and functionality of the system across different platforms, devices, and browsers. It verifies that the system can work correctly and reliably in various environments and scenarios that the users may encounter 1 .

References =

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst 2 , Section 3.2.2 Adaptability

ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide 3 , Section 3.2.2 Adaptability

Adaptability Test - Candidate Screening Assessment | HiPeople 4 , Section 1. What is the Adaptability Test?

The test basis is the collection of documents that provide the basis for testing, such as requirements, design documents, user manuals, etc. The test analyst examines the test basis to understand the scope and objectives of testing, as well as the risks and assumptions involved. This task is performed during the test analysis phase, which is the first phase of the test process.  References  =

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Overview of Syllabi 1 , page 10

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst 2 , page 2

Test Analysis and Test Design are key for software testing 3 , section “Test Analysis”

The correct answer is A. Functional correctness testing.

Functional correctness testing

Functional correctness testing is the type of testing that measures the degree of accuracy in a mortgage rate calculation module of the software you are testing. It verifies that the module produces the correct results for different inputs and scenarios, such as different interest rates, loan terms, payment frequencies, etc. It also checks that the module complies with the specifications and requirements of the mortgage rate calculation 1 .

References =

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst 2 , Section 3.2.2 Functionality

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst 3 , Section 3.2.2 Functionality

ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide 4 , Section 3.2.2 Functionality

Classification trees are a combinatorial testing technique that allows the tester to represent the data items and their values in a graphical form, and to exclude certain combinations by using constraints or rules. Classification trees can help the tester to visualize and organize the test data, and to generate test cases that cover all relevant combinations of values. The other techniques do not provide a convenient way to exclude certain combinations, or require more complex mathematical calculations.  References  =

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst 1 , page 2

Classification Tree Method for Test Design 2 , section “Classification Tree Method”

Classification Tree Method - Tutorialspoint 3 , section “Classification Tree Method”

Low-level test cases are more suitable for testing software that controls the braking mechanism for commuter trains, as they provide more detail and specificity for verifying the functionality and safety of the system 1 .  Low-level test cases also use predefined data, which is more reliable and consistent than tester-created data, and can be easily traced to the test conditions and requirements 2 .  High-level test cases are more abstract and vague, and may not cover all the possible scenarios and risks involved in testing such a critical system 3 .

References  =  1 :  Test Case Design: a Guide for QA Engineers With Examples   2 :  How to Write Test Cases in Software Testing with Examples   3 :  Test Case vs Test Scenario – Difference Between Them

The correct answer is D. User acceptance testing.

User acceptance testing

User acceptance testing (UAT) is the type of testing that focuses on high-level business cases and ensures that the system meets the user’s needs and expectations. It is usually conducted in the software development lifecycle after the system integration testing and before the deployment. UAT involves real users or stakeholders who validate the functionality, usability, and reliability of the system in a realistic environment 1 .

References =

ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Test Analyst 2 , Section 3.2.2 Functionality

ISTQB Test Analyst Syllabus and Study Guide 3 , Section 3.2.2 Functionality

User Acceptance Testing: A Complete Guide 4 , Section 1. What is User Acceptance Testing?