GMAT Graduate Management Admission Test (2022) Questions and Answers

A certain nutritional study defined the /V-scorefot one serving of a food to be P- Q, where Pis the sum of 10 times the number of grams of fat and ttt the number of kilocalories of

energy provided per serving, and < ?is 8 times the square of the number of grams of fiber provided per serving. If one serving of Food X provides m kilocalorles of energy and n grams of fat and has an N-score of -28, then how many grams of fiber does one serving of Food X provide?

(1) One serving of Food X provides exactly 400 kilocalories of energy.

(2) One serving of a food that provides 120 kilocalories of energy, 3 grams of fiber, and the same number of grams of fat as one serving of Food X has an N-score of 0.

Which one of the following is the total number of bowls found at Site B that have no Identified artisan?

West River Glen is deciding which network architecture should replace its old copper telephone lines. The town will replace 300 miles of Outside Plant (OSP) cable that will serve approximately 2,500 homes.

The first option is to install a Fiber to the Home (FTTH) system architecture that uses fiber-optic cable to transmit signals from the source to each home. The advantages of this architecture include greater bandwidth capabilities, less signal loss, and slightly lower new-cable deployment costs than the second option, Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC).

An HFC network integrates fiber-optic cables and devices with coaxial cables.

This will cost the town substantially less money for internal equipment and for customer installations. However, the coaxial cable does not last as long as fiberoptic cable and will thus need to be replaced more frequently, resulting in higher long-term maintenance expenses.

The town believes that either the FTTH or HFC architectures will be capable of serving the communities ' data and television needs for the next 30 years.

For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement can be inferred to be true on the basis of the information provided. Otherwise, select No.

In order to better control traffic at a certain busy intersection, a study was conducted to determine how many vehicles passed through the intersection during various times of day and what trajectories they took. For each possible trajectory (combination of direction from which a vehicle entered the intersection and direction to which it exited the Intersection), the graph shows the number of vehicles passing through the intersection during a certain hour.

West River Glen is deciding which network architecture should replace its old copper telephone lines. The town will replace 300 miles of Outside Plant (OSP) cable that will serve approximately 2,500 homes.

The first option is to install a Fiber to the Home (FTTH) system architecture that uses fiber-optic cable to transmit signals from the source to each home. The advantages of this architecture include greater bandwidth capabilities, less signal loss, and slightly lower new-cable deployment costs than the second option. Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC).

An HFC network integrates fiber-optic cables and devices with coaxial cables.

This will cost the town substantially less money for internal equipment and for customer installations. However, the coaxial cable does not last as long as fiberoptic cable and will thus need to be replaced more frequently, resulting in higher long-term maintenance expenses.

The town believes that either the FTTH or HFC architectures will be capable of serving the communities ' data and television needs for the next 30 years.

According to the information provided, which of the following attributes is an advantage of HFC network architecture as compared with FTTH architecture?

Each of the 75 employees at @ certain company works in exactly one of the company ' s 3 departments (Departments X, Y, and Z). Exactly 20% of the employees work in

Department X, and 10 fewer employees work in DepartmentY than work in Department Z.

Based on the information provided, select for Departinent Yand Department Zthe numbers of employees who work in Department Y and Department Z. Make only

two selections, one in each column.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between the study ' s results and the researchers’ hypotheses?

Select from the drop-down menus the options that create the statement that te most clearly supported by the Information In the graph.

If the perimeter of triangle AXB is 11, which of the following could be the length of side AB?

The average (arithmetic mean) of a list of 5 numbers is 50. The sum of 2 numbers in the list is 70 and the sum of 2 other numbers in the list is 110. What is the remaining number in

the list?

Researchers studying long-term changes In regional mouse populations have found that by focusing on the populations of a rare but widespread and easily identifiable species of mouse (Species X), they can make fairly accurate estimations about the total regional mouse populations.

In a report on a recent study that Included the data tables that follow, the researchers provided some addenda:

1. " The Species X population of Region CV increased by 123,995 between 1990 and 2005.

2. In contrast, the Species X population of Region EW declined by about 52% during that same time.

The answer to which one of the following can be determined by using the information in the passage and tables?

P, Q, and R are points in the xy-coordinate plane. If the coordinates of Q are (2,3), what is the length of line segment PQ?

(1)

The length of line segment QR is 3.

(2)

The length of line segment PR is 3.

What is the area of triangle ADC shown in the figure?

(1) The ratio of the length of line segment AD to the length of line segment DB is 1 to 3.

(2) The area of triangle ABC is 8.

If r and m are positive integers,

what is the value of?

(1)

r – m = 2

(2)

r = 2m

A quantity of solution that is 3% salt by volume was mixed with a quantity of solution that is 9% salt by volume to produce a quantity of solution that is 4% salt by volume. How many liters of the 9% solution were used?

(1) The quantity of 3% solution was 5 times the quantity of 9% solution.

(2) The quantity of 4% solution produced was 150 liters.

Archaeologists have excavated two ancient sites, Site A and Site B, each containing bowls and dishes. A third site containing similar vessels (bowls and dishes), Site C, Is known to have existed but has not yet been located. The vessels have been dated to three successive 40-vear-long time periods (Mil).

The dishes that were found are small and plain and were made primarily for everyday use. For each site, the average population at the site for a period is known to be roughly proportional to the number of dishes found that were dated to that period.

The bowls are more elaborate, decorated In either a curvy or a rectilinear style. They were made primarily for ritual use. The numbers of bowls found indicate the level of wealth of the site ' s inhabitants during the period to which the bowls were dated (with greater numbers indicating greater wealth).

Documents found at Sites A and B establish that exactly 18 of the dishes found at Site A were manufactured at Site C; otherwise, all of the vessels were made at the sites where they were found.

For each of the following statements, select Yes if the Information provided supports the statement. Otherwise, select No.

A certain solution that is 30 percent acid is obtained by mixing a-gallons of a 20 percent acid solution with y gallons of a 60 percent acid solution, where the percents are according to volume. How many gallons of the 60 percent acid solution must be used to obtain 10 gallons of the 30 percent add solution?

That subculture was an enduring fixture In Tsarist times, during the Russian Revolution, the times of the Soviet Union, during the transition to post-soviet society—and it continues to exist in Russian society today.

Morowa: As a general rule, those responsible for harming the environment should be responsible for fixing it. Thus, businesses should pay for and clean up environmental

problems they cause.

Thema: Are the businesses the only ones responsible? Oftentimes, consumers drive businesses to produce products in environmentally damaging ways by primarily

purchasing inexpensive items that disproportionally result in greater environmental harm.

Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for Morowa ' s argument in light of Thema ' s reply?

Editorial: For the past two years, our dty has used photo radar to enforce speed limits at several Intersections, automatically photographing cars, measuring their speeds, and mailing tickets to offending drivers. In the second year of the program, the annual number of violations observed by photo radar dropped by 5 percent. This shows that the program has been effective at reducing speeding on the monitored streets.

The editorial ' s reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on which of the following grounds?

We need not, however, asaibe careerist motivations to all movement participants, some may have them, but others may aim to amass prestige and influence simply because they fervently believe in the movement ' s intellectual merit.

With globalization, companies often save on costs by paying lower wages abroad rather than by enhancing the abilities of their domestic workers, and this helps explain why productivity in many countries has been high over the last decade even as, despite year-to-year variation, domestic wages and job creation have barely grown.

Daniel: Historically, railroads substantially altered the course of the United States economy, enabling the country to enjoy unprecedented growth in the nineteenth century.

Robert: It ' s true that growth required cheap inland transportation, which railroads provided. But with government support similar to the massive land grants that subsidized rapid railroad expansion, canals and roads could have had the same effect.

Which of the following is most likely a point that Robert believes is at issue between Daniel and himself?

Which of the following does the passage suggest is true?

According to the passage, which of the following calls Into question the analysis that uses the concept of structural inertia?

A series of financial reports in recent months has portrayed an economy that is slowing sharply, thus raising expectations that the Federal Reserve v.ill be comp.. -xi to cut interest rates in order to avert a recession.

The decision-making model is unique in not only making prescriptions about proper leader behavkx while arriving at decisions but also gives prescriptions for the decision maker to follow.

Many companies today are making new product development a central element of their competitive strategy. Because the potential benefits of successful product innovation are great—prolonged growth, superior financial returns, and strong investor interest-many companies offer employees incentives such as promotions and bonuses for developing new products, incentives not offered for innovations in other areas of the business, firms ' priorities can also be shaped by their measurement systems, since these systems can directly measure returns from new products more immediately than they can measure returns from investments in such areas as organizational restructuring or innovations in marketing.

But the organizational culture of such companies can hurt them in the marketplace because a narrow focus on product development can ultimately detract from a firm ' s performance. For instance, a company ' s ability to profit from new products can be severely hampered if it has neglected other functions and business processes. If a company develops a superior new product but is unable to distribute and promote t rapidly, competitors with better distribution systems may copy the product and introduce It into the market before the innovator can profit from its innovation. In contrast, effective distribution, marketing, and accounting systems-that is, strong overall business systems -can act as entry barriers, deterring would-be competitors from entering a particular

It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about organizational culture?

In criticizing the " second approach " to explaining the supposed lack o* rational transformation of the workplace, the author most likely assumes which of the Wowing?

In the High Middle Ages, Latin, though no one ' s native tongue, was the language of international scholarly communication in Europe. Petrus Alfonsi, a native Hebrew and Arabic speaker. was unquestionably the author of four twelfth-century scientific works. Some scholars also attribute to Aifonsi two later scientific texts, because of their similarity in content and doctrine to the earlier works. However, the Latin in the first four works is impeccable while that in the later texts is not furry competent. Therefore, these two could not have been composed by Alfonsi.

Which of the following, 4 true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

Many oppose the national economic planning program that the government is Initiating because they fear that It will Impair the ability of corporations to make rational economic choices. But that program will never work anyway. There Is no reason, therefore, to expect the negative effect those people fear.

Riya: Chinese firms have had more success expancfing Wo East Africa than have firms from certain other countries in Asia, Europe, and North America. The Chinese government has coordinated with Chinese firms to have Chinese cultural productions, such as television dramas and news, translated into Swahili. These efforts helped gain acceptance by residents of the region for the Chinese firms that have expanded into the region. Thus if the governments of the other countries with businesses that seek to expand into East Africa were to emulate the Chinese government ' s approach, their businesses would find Just as much success.

Which of the following most clearly identifies an assumption on which Riya ' s argument depends?

When fish or mammals ingest the chemical rotenone, enzymes In (he digestive tract metabolize most of it, rendering It harmless, but If enough rotenone enters the bloodstream, It can kill them. Wildlife managers who use rotenone in rivers or lakes to reduce fish populations claim that the practice is harmless to aquatic mammals, but clearly if enough rotenone is used to kill fish, mammals must be at risk too.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

As much as. experience influences human preferences and values, the loss of firsthand experience with nature is likely to contribute to a reduced valuation of biodiversity by humans in the future—a dismal prospect for the diversity of life.

Which of the following does information in the passage most strongly suggest is true?

Until the Apollo astronauts brought samples of lunar material to Earth during 196£-72, scientists believed that the Moon ' s surface was largely undisturbed, given its dry, airless environment. Examination of the samples has shown otherwise. Micrometeorites, many smaller than a pencil point, constantly rain onto the Moon at up to 100,000 kilometers per hour, chipping materials or forming microscopic craters. Some melt the soil and vaporize and recondense as glassy coats on other specks of dust. Impacts weld debris into lumps of heterogeneous matter called " agglutinates. " Complicated interactions with solar particle streams convert iron into myriads of microscopic iron grains. The regdith—pebbles, sand, and dust-from these erosion processes blankets the Moon. Much of the top layer consists of a complex abrasive dust of microscopic glass shards that can grind machinery and sealing devices and damage human lungs.

The Apollo specimens held by the United States are doled out in ultra-small samples to scientists who demonstrate that nothing else will suffice for high-value experiments. Renewed interest In lunar exploration in the late 1980s meant that materials designed to simulate lunar regolith—simulants—were needed for research to develop schemes for lunar building and procedures for extracting elements such as oxygen found abundantly in regolith. That led to the development of JSC-1 in 1993, made of volcanic cinder cone from a quarry in Arizona in the U.S. The more than 22 metric tons made was in high demand. Efforts are now afoot to manufacture 16 metric tons of JSC-1 A, with 1 ton of fine grains, 14 tons of moderately fine, and 1 ton of coarse.

Which of the following can most reasonably be inferred from the passage?

Which of the following is most strongly supported by the findings of the Harms study?

The passage Is primarily concerned with which of the following?

The figure above shows a playground with Its dimensions given In meters. What is the area, In square meters, on the playground?

(1)x 2 + 2y 2 =XY

(2)x 2 + 2y 2 -3xy

The length of the longest thin rigid rod that can fit inside a right circular cylindrical can is 25 inches. If the can has depth 20 inches, which of the following is closest to the volume of the can in cubic inches?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

The only prime factors of the positive integer n are 2,3, and 5. What te the value of n ?

A certain state charges no sales tax on food, but charges a sales tax of 2 percent on clothing and a sales tax of 6 percent on all other items. In this state Sarah purchased items with a total price, before tax, of $210, which Included $45 for food items and $90 for dothing items. The total sales tax on the items Sarah purchased was what percent of the total price of $210 ?

Last month Ann, Bob, Carl, Dave, and Ellen volunteered at a hospital. The number of hours that Carl volunteered was equal to the average (arithmetic mean) number of hours volunteered by the 5 people. If the number of hours that Carl volunteered was also equal to the total number of hours that Ann and Bob volunteered, then the total number of hours that Dave and Ellen volunteered was how many times the number of hours that Carl volunteered?

Is it true that the point (1,4) in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane is in at most one of the sets A and B?

(1) Set AH the set of all points {x,y) such that 2x + y < 5.

(2) Set 5is the set of all points (x,y) such that y > 3x+ 2.

(1) x= y

(2) x < 1

If A and flare events and the probability that A occurs is 0.4, what is the probability that B occurs?

(1) The probability that both of these events occur Is 0.1.

(2) The probability that at least 1 of these events occurs is 0.7.

At a certain used-book store, the cost of each paperback book is x dollars and the cost of each hardcover book is y dollars. What is the cost of a hardcover book at the store?

(1)

At the store, the cost of 3 paperback books and 5 hardcover books is $12.25.

(2)

At the store, the cost of 9 paperback books and 15 hardcover books is $36.75.

A rectangular picture frame is hanging flat against a vertical wall so that the two longer sides of the frame are parallel to the horizontal floor. The highest points on the frame are 2.5 meters above the floor, and the lowest points on the frame are 1.25 meters above the floor. What is the length, in meters, of each of the frame ' s longer sides?

(1) The ratio of the length of the frame ' s longer sides to the length of the frame ' s shorter sides is 8:5.

(2) The total area of the region within the outside edges of the frame Is 2.5 square meters.

In the xy-plane shown, the length of the hypotenuse of right triangle ABC is 39. If the slope of the hypotenuse is 12/5, what is the length of side BC?

If x is the median of a certain set of consecutive positive integers, which of the following must be true?

I. x Is positive.

II. x is even.

III. x is an integer.

Machine X caps 20 bottles of soda per minute, and machine Y caps 60 bottles of soda per minute. If both machines start operating at the same time and at their respective constant rates, in how many seconds will machine Y have capped 12 more bottles of soda than machine X ?

What is the value of x?

(1)

|x| – 10 = –2

(2)

|x – 10| = 2

Researchers studying long-term changes In regional mouse populations have found that by focusing on the populations of a rare but widespread and easily identifiable species of mouse (Species X), they can make fairly accurate estimations about the total regional mouse populations.

In a report on a recent study that Included the data tables that follow, the researchers provided some addenda:

1. The Species X population of Region CV increased by 123,995 between 1990 and 2005.

2. In contrast, the Species X population of Region EW declined by about 52% during that same time.

For each of the following regions, select Ye$\i the region ' s Species X population decreased from 1960 to 1975 AND the region ' s total mouse population exceeded 50 million In 1975. Otherwise, select No.

Executive: For this year, our firm ' s advertising budget for Brand X is four times that for last year, but only half that for the year before last. For each year, for each of our

brands, our advertising budget is 10 percent of the average (arithmetic mean) of two amounts: the brand ' s projected sales for the year and the brand ' s actual sales for the

preceding year. Actual sales of Brand X last year were $5.23 million.

Statement A: Given the executive ' s statements, a journalist could infer what this year ' s advertising budget for Brand X is if she knew what the amount of

was.

Statement B: Given the knowledge of this year ' s advertising budget for Brand X, if the reporter also knew Brand X ' s actual sales for the year before last, she could also

infer :

Select for A and for 8 two different options that, if inserted in the blanks, create statements that are supported by the statements attributed to the executive. Make only

two selections, one in each column.

A port city needed to deepen its 5,000-foot-long and 75-foot-wide shipping channel from a depth of 15 feet to a depth of 25 feet. The dirt that was removed from the channel was shipped to a landfill, which accepted 735,000 cubic feet of the dirt. Approximately what percent of the dirt that was removed from the channel was accepted by the landfill?

If x, y, and z are positive integers and x3y4 = z, what is the value of x?

(1)

y = 2

(2)

z = 2,000

At a certain corporation, the planning committee has 23 members and the finance committee has 20 members. If a total of 21 people are members of only one of the two committees, how many are members of both committees?

The graph shows the total annual revenue. In US dollars (US$), from sales of each of 2 competing health-care products for 10 consecutive years. Product 1 was first sold In Year 1, and Product 2 was first sold ki Year 2.

From each drop-down menu, select the option that creates the most accurate statement based on the information provided.

Is the integer N the square of a positive integer?

(1) N has an odd number of different positive integer divisors.

(2) Each of 9 and 25 is a divisor of N.

The table provides data about 12 different Persian rugs currently available for sale by a rug dealer. For each rug, the data includes the number of knots per square inch (KPSI) in the yarn, which is consistent throughout the rug.

Select from each drop-down menu the option that creates the statement that most accurately reflects the information in the graph.

The age groups of India reflected on the vertical axis for which the population is projected to be higher in 2050 than it was in 2010 are the age groups that are above Select...

The age groups of India reflected on the vertical axis for which the population is projected to be lower in 2050 than it was in 2010 are the age groups that are below Select...

The artist has correctly determined that to make the largest possible square grid from the available tiles, she must use all of the except for those in the group of X tiles. Moreover, if she uses all of the tiles except for those in the group with X tiles and those in the group with Y tiles, she could make a smaller square grid.

select for X for Y the values that are consistent with the information provided. Make only two selections, one in each column.

While designing a game involving chance, Desmond noticed that the probability a fair coin lands faceup exactly 2 times when the coin is tossed 3 times is equal to the

probability that a fair coin lands faceup exactly m times when the coin is tossed 7 times, where n > 3.

Select for m and for n values consistent with the given information. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Journal

The editor of Metathesis, a new academic journal of literature, manages the peer-review of articles submitted for publication. The journal accepts articles focusing on any of three general subject areas: comparative literature, modernist literature, and postcolonial literature.

When an article is submitted, the editor has the article peer-reviewed by exactly three experts, none of whom authored or coauthored the article. The table (see the Reviewers/Authors tab) consists of all the authors or coauthors who have recently submitted articles and all the experts who currently peer-review or have recently peer-reviewed those articles. It also lists the general subject areas for each of the authors and reviewers.

Each author of each submitted article specializes in the general subject area of the article. Moreover, each recently submitted article was peer-reviewed by experts listed in the table.

Review Rules

Suppose Laprade was the secondary reviewer of a recently submitted article. For each of the following statements, select Keslf the statement must be true, based on this supposition and the information provided. Otherwise, select Ato.

Television picture quality improves as resolution increases. However, the resolution at which a given improvement in resolution becomes visible varies with the distance of

the viewer from the screen. As a viewer moves closer to the screen, a given improvement in resolution eventually becomes noticeable, finally conferring its “full benefit” at

a point at which moving closer would not improve the viewing experience.

On the graph, 480p, 720p, 1080p, and 1440p represent four common degrees of resolution: greater numbers indicate greater numbers of pixels on the screen and thus

greater resolution. Shaded portions show the distances at which these resolutions become noticeable, while the broken lines show the maximum distances at which a

viewer with normal eyesight would be expected to experience full benefit—all as a function of screen size. For each resolution and screen size shown, there is a small gap

between the maximum distance for full benefit from the resolution and the minimum distance for noticeable benefit from the next higher resolution.

(Note: 3 feet is roughly 1 meter, and 1 inch is roughly 2.5 centimeters.)

Assuming that the information contained in the graphic correctly applies to all viewers, select from the drop-down menus the options making the statements most

accurate.

A motorist passing through an unfamiliar city needs to fill her car ' s fuel tank soon, well before she leaves the city, and needs to minimize her expenses. Nearby is the King Petrol station, offering the correct fuel for 2.OX) euros per liter. She has seen about one petrol station every 2 kilometers (km) of driving, on average, though distances vary. Prices at different petrol stations appear to vary randomly by up to 10%: roughly 2 km behind her in her journey she saw the correct fuel for 1.81 euros per liter. The fuel efficiency of her car under the current driving conditions is about 10 liters per 100 km. She could get a small amount of fuel at one station to allow her to drive to another station within the city.

On the basis of the information in the passage, select for Reason to stop the factor that most clearly provides a logical reason for the motorist to stop at the King Petrol station. And select for Reason not to stop the factor that most clearly provides a logical reason for the motorist not to stop at the King Petrol station. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Elena has worked as a real estate agent for exactly 3 years—Years 1, 2, and 3. In Year 1, she sold exactly 16 properties. She sold more proper and more properties in Year 3 than in Year 2. The average (arithmetic mean) number of properties she sold per year for the 3 years was 19.

Select a number for Year 2 and a number for Year 5 that could be the total numbers of properties Elena sold in Year 2 and in Year 3, respectively, so that the selections are jointly consistent with the information provided. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Public health professional: The Shoreville Department of Environmental Services (OES) has Inspected area beaches for pathogenic bacteria for more than 20 years. Currently, DES monitors 50 freshwater beaches and 10 coastal beaches on a weekly basis. Program participation by owners of beaches that are open to the public is voluntary. Owners of beaches who choose not to participate in the Program are allowing the public to recreate on entirety unmonitored beaches.

The DES now proposes adoption of the Adopt-a-Beach Program, designed to promote health and environmental education as well as public involvement in the protecting of public beaches. The program would require DES to collect biological data from all area beaches. It will also help reduce the number of beach advisories, whereby the public must be warned of dangerous conditions on certain beaches.

On the basis of the pubic heath professional ' s statement, indicate which of the following is most likely True of the Adopt-a-Beach program at the time of writing, and indicate which of the following is most likely False (A the program at the time of writing. Make only two selections, one in each column.

For a town seeking to desalinate source water with a salinity of 12,000 mg/L. select Consistent for each of the following statements that is consistent with the information and recommendations provided, and otherwise select Not consistent.

Elena has worked as a real estate agent for exactly 3 years—Years 1, 2, and 3. In Year 1, she sold exactly 16 properties. She sold more properties In Year 2 than in Year 1, and more properties In Year 3 than In Year 2. The average (arithmetic mean) number of properties she sold per year for the 3 years was 19.

Select a number for Year 2and a number for Year 3that could be the total numbers of properties Elena sold in Year 2 and in Year 3, respectively, so that the selections are Jointly consistent with the information provided. Make only two selections, one In each column.

When joni, Katrina, and Leah started their business, JKL Enterprises, each contributed an amount of money, in euros. The amounts were in the ratio of 3:5:8, respectively, and the first-year profit of JKL Enterprises was split in the same ratio. Katrina ' s share of the first-year profit was €5,000.

Select for First-year profit and for Leah ' s stare amounts In euros that are consistent with the given Information and could be the first-year profit of JKL Enterprises and Leah ' s share of those profits, respectively. Make only two selections, one in each column.

The Red Balloon Challenge was an experiment aimed at determining how quickly widely disbursed information could be gathered using social media. Competitors tried to locate 10 red weather balloons that had been tethered above random locations around the world in return for a $40,000 prize. The winning team located all of the balloons in just 9 hours, using an incentive-based strategy to encourage information sharing; The first person to send the correct coordinates of a particular balloon to the team received $2,000, but whoever recruited that person received $1,000, and the recruiter ' s recruiter received S500, and that person ' s recruiter received $250.

Select for 3 payments per balloon the amount of the prize money that the winning team would have remaining if they had to pay 3 people for each balloon located, and select for 4 payments per balloon the amount of the prize money that the winning team would have remaining if they had to pay 4 people for each balloon located. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Client: You ' ve recommended that we use humor In our new radio advertising campaign. Why be funny on the radio when we haven ' t been funny in advertising campaigns for

other media?

Advertising director: Because humor on the radio is very engaging. Two other common approaches to radio advertising-using announcers and producing short catchy songs or jingles—are both so inherent In the existing radio programming that commercials using those two approaches often get tost in the programs. Humor, on the other hand, Is rare —so rare it stands out and engages completely.

The advertising director ' s argument depends on an assumption of cause and effect. Indicate by an appropriate selection which of the statements In the table most accurately describes the cause of such an effect, and which most accurately describes such an effect. Make only two selection one in each column.

A certain local bakery operates 7 days a week. On Monday of next week, the bakery will begin a new schedule for baking 3 specialty breads. Under the new schedule, millet bread will be baked on Monday of next week and will be baked again every other day thereafter (Wednesday, Friday, and so on). Seven-grain bread will also be baked on Monday of next week, and will be baked again every third day thereafter (Thursday, Sunday, and so on). Pumpernickel bread will be baked on Tuesday of next week and will be baked again every third day thereafter. The schedule will continue indefinitely, and these 3 breads will not be baked at any times other than those specified.

In the table, select First day for none of the J for the day of the week on which, for the first time under the new schedule, none of the 3 specialty breads will be baked; select Second day for none of the 3 ' forthe day of the week on which, for the second time under the new schedule, none of the 3 specialty breads will be baked. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Welleby’s Plan

The water In the underground water table beneath the town of Welleby is moderately saline— 20,000millkjrarns of salt per liter of water (mg/L), or roughly half as saline as ocean water. To lower the level of the water table and thus prevent agricultural land from being inundated with salt water, the town plans to pump water from the table at a rate of 450kiloliters per day (kL/day) into a large shallow pond, allowing much of the water to evaporate. The town plans to divert 10percent of the water pumped from the water table to supplement Us supply of drinking water, which Is currently piped In from great distances. Due to the water ' s supply, the town intends to construct a desalination plant to treat the diverted water for use as drinking water.

Desalination Types

Comparison

Welleby is deciding among the following three desalination methods.

Reverse Osmosis (RO): Water Is pushed through a membrane, leaving salts behind. RO systems can handle a large range of water flow rates and use relatively little energy. However, RO membranes are expensive and must be replaced every 2 to 5 years. There is also a possibility that bacteria can grow on the membrane. Introducing tastes and odors Into the desalinated water.

Multi-Effect Distillation (MED): Saline water Is heated to produce water vapor, from which Is condensed potable fresh water. This process requires large amounts of energy, regardless of the salinity of the source water. It becomes more cost effective as water volumes increase.

Electrodialysis (ED): Electricity is used to selectively move salts through a membrane. Consumption of energy Is directly proportional to the salinity of the water to be treated, so with higher salinities the process rapidly becomes more costly than other methods. ED membranes need to be replaced every 7 to 10years.

Based on the information provided, which one of the following benefits to Welleby is most likely to result from Its building a desalination plant?

Berlandia ' s senate recently introduced two bills to address the problem of overburdened landfills: one would require that at least 40 percent by weight of the plastics sold in that country be biodegradable, the other that at least 80 percent by weight of plastics sold there be recycled into useful products. One legislator, however, has claimed that biodegradable plastics cannot be recycled into useful products, even if the biodegradables are mixed with other plastics.

The legislator ' s claim, if true, most strongly supports which of the following?

The author implies that if, in the experiment described in the second paragraph, the parasitic wasps had been drawn to the plants after they had been damaged by a razor blade but without application of oral secretions from the caterpillar, then scientists would likely have concluded which of the following?

Wasps are attracted to the plants by the grassy odor released as the caterpillars feed on the plants ' leaves.

Intuition guides people in making Judgments by using learned associations that automatically surface as feelings. As people gain experience in a field, they learn to associate the defining characteristics of phenomena with particular feelings and many of their Judgments can become automatic. For example, rather than going step-by-step through a decision tree, experienced car mechanics will often, after a quick look and listen, intuitively identify the problem.

Which of the following statements is most strongly implied by the Information above?

Because of the positive correlation across animal species between body size and home range size, researchers suspected that body size of female mallards (a species of duck) may influence their home range size. The researchers also reasoned that younger females may be forced into less suitable habitats by older females competing with them for optimal areas, with the younger females compensating by having larger home ranges. However, their research supported neither suspicion. The failure to detect variation of range size according to body size may be due to other, undetermined mallard attributes (for example, body condition) that may have been a significant factor affecting home range size. The fact that most yearling females can breed may help to explain why the expected age effect was not confirmed, since home range size may be affected by breeding capability.

The researchers did find, however, that home range size of females was Inversely related to the percentage of the study area composed of seasonal or semipermanent wetlands. This may have been because of reduced competition for breeding space within the species when more of the wetlands were present. They also found home range size to decrease somewhat as the percentage of wood-shrub habitat increased, suggesting that reduction in visual contact among mallard pairs may reduce interaction and thus reduce competition among breeding pairs.

Regarding female mallards, which of the following was a finding of the researchers ' study described in the passage?

According to the passage, Edelman has made innovations in the study of which of the following?

i. The behavior of multicelular organs

ii. The molecular structure of

animal and plant tissue

III. The overall structure of

complex organisms

The information in the passage suggests that its authoi believes there may be " a halo effect " (see highlighted text) associated with which of the following errors?

Despite his renowned contributions to resolving archaeological questions, he was unable to provide hardly any insight into reconciling the conflicting linguistic and cultural evidence with respect to the expansion of agriculture.

Historians create Ideas we cal " history, " which are derived from an order existing in the real work) of historical fact. Since the patterns discovered In that world depend In part on the alms of the Investigator, however, historical periods will tend to be defined In Incompatible ways by historians with different interests. Thus, insofar as the aims of historians of music, painting, literature, and poetry are different, it cannot be assumed that_________.

Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

Many of the examples In the new book about the Kamuxa culture were taken—and researchers in the nineteenth century but were not available until very recently.

Economist: It is generally less expensive to lower carbon dioxide emissions by building new low-emission power plants than by renovating existing ones. Therefore, developed nations that have little need to build new power plants can most efficiently help to lower global emissions by subsidizing the construction of new low-emission power plants in rapidly developing nations where many power plants are being constructed.

In order to evaluate the strength of the economist ' s argument, it would be most helpful to know which of the following?

Percy Julian ' s research on the industrial synthesis erf soybeans Into steroids and the low mator contributions to twentieth-century chemistry

As a trained medical doctor and a novelist, playwright, and essayist by vocation, Afro-Colombian Manuel Zapata Olivella abandoned the practice of medicine to pursue his

literary career.

In spite of an Impressive presence of Greek women In undergraduate and graduate business programs both in Greece and In other countries over the last decade, negative stereotyping of women managers.persists id Greek culture and may explain, at least In part, the well documented fact that women are still under-represented h the Greek bus ness community.

According to the passage, organizational ecology studies support which of the following statements regarding structurally equivalent organizations?