H19-301_V3.0 HCSA-Presales-IP Network Certification V3.0 Questions and Answers

The Huawei AC6805 is a high-performance wireless access controller designed for large-scale enterprise networks. It supports up to 120 Gbps of forwarding capacity, enabling it to handle high-density Wi-Fi deployments and demanding applications like video streaming and IoT.

The other options (60 Gbps, 40 Gbps, and 100 Gbps) do not match the specifications of the AC6805. While lower-end models in the AC series may have reduced forwarding rates, the AC6805 is specifically designed to deliver exceptional performance for large-scale networks.

Thus, the correct answer is A .

Overview of MOX Government Network Scenario:

MOX refers to government ministries and organizations requiring robust, scalable, and secure WAN solutions for their backbone networks.

Recommended Backbone Router:

TheNetEngine 8000 Xseries is specifically designed for high-capacity, high-reliability backbone networks. It supports advanced features like SRv6, FlexE, and large-scale routing, making it ideal for government WANs.

Conclusion:The correct answer is Option C, as the NetEngine 8000 X is the recommended backbone router for MOX scenarios.

Wired and wireless convergence is a key trend in modern campus networks, enabling unified management and seamless connectivity across wired and wireless devices. Huawei switches equippedwithWireless Access Controller (WAC) cardsintegrate wired and wireless functions into a single platform. This integration provides:

Hardware-level convergence:Combines switching and wireless control capabilities in one device.

Software-level convergence:Enables centralized management, policy enforcement, and traffic optimization for both wired and wireless networks.

This approach simplifies network architecture, reduces costs, and improves operational efficiency, making it a preferred solution for converged campus networks.

TheAR1000Vis a virtual router designed for deployment in public and private cloud environments. It supports integration with major cloud platforms, including:

Amazon Web Services (AWS):Fully supported for hybrid cloud and SD-WAN deployments.

Alibaba Cloud:Supported for seamless connectivity in Alibaba's cloud ecosystem.

Tencent Cloud:Supported for enterprise-grade cloud networking.

However,Baidu Cloudis not officially supported by the AR1000V, making it the correct answer. This limitation may be due to compatibility or strategic partnerships with other cloud providers.

MPLS VPN Architecture Overview:

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) VPN is a widely used technology for creating virtual private networks over a shared infrastructure. It involves specific roles for devices in the network.

Explanation of Each Role:

PE (Provider Edge):These devices sit at the edge of the service provider's network and connect to customer sites. They are responsible for assigning labels and managing VPN routes.

P (Provider):These devices are located in the core of the service provider's network.They perform label switching but do not participate in VPN-specific functions.

CE (Customer Edge):These devices belong to the customer and connect to the PE devices. They are unaware of the MPLS network and simply forward traffic to the PE.

Aggregation and Core:These terms are not specific to MPLS VPN architecture. "Aggregation" refers to a general networking concept, and "Core" is too broad to describe a specific role in MPLS VPNs.

Conclusion:The correct roles in MPLS VPN architecture are PE, P, and CE.

The Huawei AirEngine 5761-11W is a Wi-Fi 6 access point (AP) designed for enterprise networks. Let us analyze each statement:

It supports a device rate of 1.775 Gbps : This is true . The AirEngine 5761-11W supports a maximum device rate of 1.775 Gbps, making it suitable for high-speed wireless connectivity.

It has no USB port : This is false . The AirEngine 5761-11W does have a USB port, which can be used for IoT expansion or other purposes.

It has one GE uplink port and four GE electrical downlink ports : This is true . The device includes one Gigabit Ethernet (GE) uplink port and four GE electrical downlink ports for wired connections.

It supports the leader AP feature : This is true . The leader AP feature allows the device to act as a controller for other APs in small-scale deployments, simplifying network management.

Thus, the false statement is B .

MACsec (Media Access Control Security)is a Layer 2 encryption protocol designed to secure Ethernet communications. It provides confidentiality, integrity, and replay protection for data transmitted over wired networks. The IEEE standard corresponding to MACsec is802.1AE, which defines the protocol's mechanisms for encrypting and authenticating Ethernet frames.Other options refer to unrelated standards:

802.1ab:Defines Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) for network discovery.

802.1p:Specifies priority tagging for Quality of Service (QoS).

802.1at:Defines Power over Ethernet Plus (PoE+).

Huawei's vision for the datacom industry is indeed "IP on everything," reflecting its commitment to building ubiquitous, intelligent, and converged IP networks. This vision emphasizes the integration of IP technologies into all aspects of communication, including data centers, campuses, and wide-area networks, to support digital transformation and innovation.

The statement is therefore TRUE .

Enterprise networks are vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks, including:

Remote code execution:Attackers exploit vulnerabilities to execute malicious code on target systems, potentially gaining full control.

Cross-site attacks:Includes Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), where attackers manipulate web applications to steal data or perform unauthorized actions.

Command line injection:Attackers inject malicious commands into input fields, compromising system integrity.

Brute-force attacks:Attackers attempt to guess passwords or encryption keys through repeated trial-and-error attempts.

These attack methods highlight the importance of implementing robust security measures, such asfirewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and regular patching.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) introduces enhanced security features compared to WPA2. One of the key improvements is the use of a 192-bit encryption key in the WPA3 Enterprise mode, which provides stronger cryptographic protection. This is part of the "WPA3-Enterprise 192-bit" mode, designed for high-security environments such as government and financial institutions.

The increased key length enhances resistance to brute-force attacks and ensures better protection of sensitive data. Additionally, WPA3 includes features like Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE), which replaces the Pre-Shared Key (PSK) mechanism, further improving security.

Huawei's CloudFabric Easy Solution is designed to simplify data center network deployment and operations. The "EASY" framework highlights the following four key aspects:

EasY-Maintenance : The solution emphasizes simplified operations and maintenance (O&M) through automation and intelligent tools. For example, it leverages AI-powered analytics to predict and resolve issues proactively.

Simplification : CloudFabric Easy focuses on reducing complexity in network design, deployment, and management. It achieves this by integrating advanced technologies like intent-driven networking (IDN) and zero-touch provisioning (ZTP).

Automation : Automation is a cornerstone of the solution, enabling tasks like configuration, provisioning, and troubleshooting to be performed automatically. This minimizes human intervention and reduces the risk of errors.

While "expandability" and "easy sales" are important considerations in network design and marketing, they are not part of the official "EASY" highlights of the CloudFabric Easy Solution.

Huawei's Expertise in Datacom Technologies:

Huawei has been a leader in data communication technologies for over two decades, investing heavily in research and development.

Research Centers Worldwide:

As of the latest documentation, Huawei operates 14 research centers globally. These centers focus on innovation in areas such as 5G, AI, cloud computing, and networking technologies.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE, as Huawei has indeed established 14 research centers worldwide and has over 26 years of expertise in datacom technologies.

Huawei'sAR routerssupport multiple deployment modes to simplify network setup and management:

USB-based deployment:Configuration files can be loaded via USB drives, enabling rapid deployment without manual intervention.

DCN deployment:Devices are automatically discovered and configured through Huawei's Device Control Network (DCN), streamlining large-scale deployments.

DHCP option-based deployment:Routers obtain configuration parameters from a DHCP server, reducing manual setup efforts.

Email-based deployment:Configuration files can be sent to devices via email, allowing remote provisioning.

These modes cater to different scenarios, ensuring flexibility and ease of deployment.

While Huawei'sUSG series firewallsinclude basicanti-DDoS capabilities, they are not designed to completely replace standaloneanti-DDoS products. Firewalls primarily focus on access control, threat prevention, and policy enforcement, whereas dedicated anti-DDoS solutions offer advanced features like large-scale traffic scrubbing, anomaly detection, and mitigation for massive DDoSattacks.For environments facing sophisticated or volumetric DDoS threats, standalone anti-DDoS appliances or cloud-based services are recommended to complement firewall capabilities.

Managing a large number of branches in an enterprise WAN environment presents several challenges. Below is an analysis of each option:

Difficulties in rectifying faults on branch networks : With numerous branches, identifying and resolving network faults becomes complex, especially when relying on manual troubleshooting.

Long time to provision new services in branches : Deploying new services across multiple branches requires significant coordination and configuration effort, leading to delays.

Poor experience with key applications : Limited bandwidth, high latency, and inefficient traffic steering can degrade the performance of critical applications like video conferencing and ERP systems.

High O&M costs : Managing distributed branch networks involves substantial operational and maintenance costs, including personnel, tools, and infrastructure expenses.

All four options accurately describe the challenges faced in enterprise WAN interconnection with large numbers of branches.

Deployment Modes for AR Routers:

Huawei AR routers support multiple deployment methods to simplify configuration and provisioning in various scenarios.

Explanation of Each Mode:

USB-based deployment:Configuration files can be loaded onto the router using a USB drive, enabling zero-touch provisioning.

DHCP option-based deployment:The router obtains its configuration from a DHCP server, which provides necessary parameters such as IP addresses and configuration file URLs.

DCN deployment:Devices are automatically discovered and configured through the Data Communication Network (DCN), reducing manual intervention.

Email-based deployment:Configuration files or scripts can be sent to the router via email, allowing remote provisioning.

Conclusion:All four options are valid deployment modes for AR routers.

To exchange routes between Autonomous Systems (ASs), BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is used. BGP is specifically designed for inter-AS routing and supports scalable and policy-based route distribution across large networks.

Static routing : Requires manual configuration and is not scalable for large networks.

IS-IS and OSPF : These are Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) used for intra-AS routing, not inter-AS routing.

Thus, the correct answer is B , as BGP is the standard protocol for inter-AS route exchange.

Remote Office Requirements:

Remote office solutions enable secure access to corporate resources for employees working outside the office.

Firewall Functions for Remote Access:

SSL VPN:Provides secure remote access over HTTPS, allowing users to connect to internal applications without requiring additional client software.

IPS (Intrusion Prevention System):Protects against network attacks but does not provide remote access.

AntiVirus:Focuses on detecting and blocking malware, not remote access.

IPsecVPN:While IPsecVPN can provide remote access, it typically requires more complex configurations compared to SSL VPN.

Conclusion:The correct answer is Option A, as SSL VPN is the most user-friendly and widely used function for remote office requirements.

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a widely used protocol for managing and monitoring network devices. In an SNMP-based network:

Each managed device runs anagent processthat collects and stores management information.

Themanagement process(typically running on a Network Management System, or NMS) communicates with the agent using SNMP messages.

SNMP defines several types of messages, such as GET, SET, and TRAP, which allow the NMS to query or modify device configurations and receive notifications from the agent. Other options like NETCONF, HTTP, and YANG are unrelated to SNMP communication.

Comparison of S5735-L and S5731-S Series Switches:

Both series belong to Huawei's campus switch portfolio but target different use cases and have distinct features.

Subcard Expansion Ports:

S5735-L Series:These switches donotsupport subcard expansion ports. They are designed for fixed configurations and are suitable for small to medium-sized networks.

S5731-S Series:These switchesdosupport subcard expansion ports, allowing for greater flexibility in terms of port types and densities. This makes them ideal for larger or more complex networks.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the S5735-L series lacks subcard expansion ports, while the S5731-S series supports them.

Overview of IoT Integration in Huawei APs:

Huawei IoT APs support various methods to integrate IoT modules or functions, enabling unified management of Wi-Fi and IoT devices.

Explanation of Each Method:

Built-in IoT chip:Some Huawei APs come with built-in IoT chips, providing native support for IoT protocols like Zigbee, Bluetooth, or RFID.

USB interface:External IoT modules can be connected via the USB interface, allowing flexible integration of additional IoT functionalities.

PCIe interface:High-speed IoT modules can be integrated using the PCIe interface, offering enhanced performance and scalability.

PoE out port:While PoE out ports provide power to external devices, they do not directly integrate IoT modules or functions.

Conclusion:The correct methods are Options A, B, and C.

The Huawei CloudEngine 12700E series switches are designed with modularity and high reliability in mind. One of their key features is the ability to perform hot swapping of components, including fan modules. Hot swapping allows users to install or remove fan modules without shutting down the switch or affecting the operation of other fan modules. This ensures continuous cooling and minimizes downtime during maintenance.

The statement is therefore TRUE , as it accurately reflects the capabilities of the CloudEngine 12700E series.

Overview of Huawei CloudFabric Easy Solution:

Huawei CloudFabric Easy Solution is designed to simplify data center networking through automation, ease of use, and scalability. Its key highlights are summarized under the acronym "EASY."

Explanation of Each Highlight:

EasY-Maintenance:The solution simplifies network operations and maintenance, reducing complexity and operational costs.

Expandability:While expandability is important, it is not one of the four "EASY" highlights explicitly mentioned in the official documentation.

Simplification:The solution focuses on simplifying network deployment, configuration, and management.

Easy Sales:This is not part of the "EASY" highlights. The term refers to technical benefits rather than sales processes.

Automation:The solution leverages automation to streamline tasks such as provisioning, monitoring, and troubleshooting.

Conclusion:The four highlights of Huawei CloudFabric Easy Solution are EasY-Maintenance, Simplification, and Automation.

Huawei firewalls, particularly the USG series, have consistently demonstrated strong performance in terms of innovation, functionality, and market presence. As a result, they have been included in the Gartner Magic Quadrant for Network Firewalls every year since 2013, achieving recognition for nine consecutive years.

This consistent inclusion reflects Huawei's leadership in the firewall market and its ability to meet evolving customer requirements.

Thus, the statement is TRUE .

Understanding Hardware-Based BFD:

Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is a protocol used to detect faults in network paths quickly. Hardware-based BFD offloads processing to dedicated chips, enabling faster detection intervals.

Huawei CE6863E-48S6CQ Capabilities:

TheCE6863E-48S6CQswitch supports hardware-based BFD with aminimum packet sending interval of 3.3 ms, ensuring rapid fault detection and recovery.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the CE6863E-48S6CQ supports hardware-based BFD with the specified interval.

The Huawei CloudEngine 6881 is a high-performance data center switch that supports both stacking and M-LAG (Multichassis Link Aggregation Group) technologies. M-LAG is a key feature for increasing redundancy and reliability in leaf-spine architectures by enabling two switches to act as a single logical device for link aggregation.

The claim that the CE6881 does not support M-LAG is FALSE , as this model fully supports M-LAG to enhance network availability and fault tolerance.

Classification of Data Centers (DCs):

Data centers are classified into categories such as small, midsize, large, and ultra-large based on the number of standard racks they house.

Rack Classification Criteria:

Small DC:Less than 500 racks.

Midsize DC:500-1000 racks.

Large DC:1000-3000 racks.

Ultra-large DC:3000-10000 racks.

Conclusion:A data center with 3000-10000 racks falls under theultra-large DCcategory.

Understanding SecoManager Deployment Modes:

SecoManager is a security controller that integrates with Huawei's iMaster NCE platforms to manage security policies across networks.

Analysis of Each Mode:

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-IP:Supported for managing security in IP/MPLS networks.

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Fabric:Supported for data center and cloud fabric security management.

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Campus: Not supportedbecause SecoManager focuses on specialized security scenarios, while iMaster NCE-Campus manages campus networks.

Independent deployment:Supported for standalone security management.

Conclusion:The correct answer is Option C, as integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Campus is not a valid SecoManager deployment mode.

Multi-Campus network interconnection involves connecting multiple geographically dispersed campuses into a unified network. To meet the demands of such networks, the following service requirements must be addressed:

Manage LAN-side and WAN-side services in a unified manner : Unified management simplifies operations by providing a single interface to monitor and control both local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).

Improve the network deployment efficiency and shorten the service provisioning period : Automation tools and software-defined networking (SDN) technologies help streamline deployment processes, reducing the time required to roll out new services.

Reduce the costs for WAN interconnection between branches : Cost optimization is achieved through efficient use of bandwidth, leveraging technologies like SD-WAN and traffic engineering to minimize expenses.

Improve the application identification capability and ensure the experience of key services : Advanced analytics and AI-driven insights enable precise application identification, prioritizing critical services to ensure optimal user experience.

Adopt a visualized method to simplify management and O&M : Visualization tools provide intuitive dashboards and real-time monitoring, making it easier to manage complex networks and troubleshoot issues.

All five options are valid service requirements for Multi-Campus network interconnection, making them all correct.

Environmental Tolerance of Huawei NetEngine 8000 Series:

The Huawei NetEngine 8000 series is designed for robust performance in challenging environments, including extreme temperatures.

Temperature Range and Outdoor Installation:

These routers are certified to operate in temperatures ranging from-40°C to +65°C, making them suitable for deployment in outdoor cabinets or harsh conditions.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the NetEngine 8000 series supports the specified temperature range and can be installed in outdoor cabinets.

Application-layer DDoS attacks target specific applications or services, such as HTTP floods or DNS amplification. Below is an analysis of each option:

AntiDDoS : This product is specifically designed to detect and mitigate DDoS attacks, including application-layer attacks. It provides real-time traffic analysis and automated mitigation capabilities.

FireHunter : This is a sandbox solution used for detecting advanced threats and malware. It is not designed to defend against DDoS attacks.

USG6000E : This is a next-generation firewall that provides basic DDoS protection but lacks the specialized capabilities of AntiDDoS for large-scale attacks.

HiSec Insight : This is a security analytics platform that provides visibility into threats and vulnerabilities. While it can help identify DDoS activity, it does not actively mitigate attacks.

Thus, the correct answer is A , as AntiDDoS is the best-suited product for defending against application-layer DDoS attacks.

Huawei'sCloudWAN solutiontargets several key government WAN scenarios and market opportunities:

Dedicated networks for cities:Provides connectivity for smart city initiatives, including public safety, transportation, and utilities.

National broadband network:Supports nationwide broadband infrastructure for government services and citizens.

Dedicated networks for provinces:Enables regional connectivity for provincial governments and agencies.

Dedicated networks for ministries:Serves specific government departments like MOI, MOE, MOF, and MOD, ensuring secure and reliable communication.

Asset management networkis not a typical WAN scenario but rather a subset of IoT or enterprise applications, making it irrelevant in this context.

Features Supported by Huawei NetEngine Routers:

Huawei NetEngine routers are designed for various use cases, including WAN, data center interconnect (DCI), and enterprise networking. However, not all models support every advanced feature.

Analysis of Features:

IPsec:Most NetEngine routers support IPsec for secure communication over public networks.

VXLAN:VXLAN support is limited to specific models optimized for data center or cloud environments.

MACsec:MACsec is supported only on certain high-end models for Layer 2 encryption.

FlexE:FlexE is a feature available only on select high-end NetEngine routers designed for 5G transport and DCI.

Conclusion:The statement is FALSE because not all NetEngine routers support all four features (IPsec, VXLAN, MACsec, and FlexE).

Huawei's CloudWAN solutions target various railway services and market opportunities. Below is an analysis of each option:

Integrated information network : This refers to the unified network infrastructure that integrates multiple railway systems, such as passenger information, ticketing, and security. It is a key focus area for Huawei routers.

Vehicle-ground communication network : This involves communication between trains and ground stations, enabling real-time monitoring, diagnostics, and control. It is a critical railway service supported by Huawei routers.

Interconnection load balancing between backbone clouds : This is more relevant to cloud data center interconnections rather than railway-specific services. It is not a primary focus for railway services.

Railway signal bearer network : This refers to the network that carries signaling and control information for safe train operations. It is a core railway service supported by Huawei routers.

Thus, the correct answer is C , as interconnection load balancing between backbone clouds is not directly related to railway services.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol with several key characteristics:

Connectionless : This is not a characteristic of TCP. TCP establishes a connection before transmitting data using a three-way handshake.

Flow control and window mechanism : TCP uses flow control and sliding window mechanisms to manage data transmission rates and prevent buffer overflow.

Connection-oriented : TCP establishes, maintains, and terminates connections between endpoints.

Reliable transmission : TCP ensures reliable delivery of data through acknowledgments, retransmissions, and error detection.

UDP, not TCP, is a connectionless protocol. Therefore, the correct answer is A .

Understanding iStack Technology:

iStack is Huawei's stacking technology that allows multiple switches to be managed as a single logical device. This simplifies network configuration, management, and troubleshooting.

Dedicated Stack Ports or Stack Cards:

To enable iStack functionality, Huawei switches require either dedicated stack ports or stack cards. These ports/cards facilitate high-speed interconnection between stacked switches.

Benefits of iStack:

Simplifies network topology by reducing the number of managed devices.

Enhances scalability and reliability through unified management.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because dedicated stack ports or stack cards are required to support iStack technology.

"One-click fast scheduling, cloud-network coordinated scheduling" refers to the ability to provision services quickly and efficiently using advanced technologies like SRv6 (Segment Routing over IPv6) . This feature enables agile service rollout by automating the configuration and deployment of network services across cloud and WAN environments. With SRv6, services can be provisioned within minutes, significantly reducing the time required for manual configuration and ensuring rapid adaptation to changing business needs.

The other options describe different features of Huawei's solutions but do not directly align with the concept of "one-click fast scheduling." For example:

Option B refers to network diagnostics and troubleshooting capabilities.

Option C highlights resource optimization through SDN and intelligent algorithms.

Option D focuses on network slicing, which is a separate feature for enhancing network flexibility.

Thus, the correct answer is A , as it directly addresses the concept of fast and coordinated scheduling in cloud-network environments.

TheUSG6000E-Bfirewall doesnotsupport hardware bypass by default. If hardware bypass functionality is required, anexternal bypass devicemust be purchased and configured.Hardware bypass ensures network continuity in case of a firewall failure by physically rerouting traffic around the device. Since this feature is not included by default in the USG6000E-B, additional hardware is necessary to achieve it.

Huawei'shybrid cableis designed to future-proof network infrastructure by supporting ultra-long-distance power and data transmission. It eliminates the need for frequent cabling replacements, saving customers from the cost and effort of upgrading their cabling infrastructure multiple times.According to Huawei's official documentation, deploying hybrid cables can save customers10-15 yearsof cabling replacement workload in one deployment. This longevity is achieved through advanced materials and design that support higher bandwidth and extended power delivery over long distances.

TheUSG6000F series firewallsare compact, high-performance devices designed for enterprise and carrier networks. Key specifications include:

Form factor:1U height, making them suitable for space-constrained environments.

Redundancy:Equipped with redundant fans and power modules to ensure high availability.

Throughput:Supports a maximum throughput of160 Gbps, enabling efficient handling of large traffic volumes.

These features make the USG6000F series ideal for scenarios requiring both performance and reliability.

As enterprises transition to cloud-centric architectures, campus networks face several challenges:

Slow fault locating:Traditional networks lack intelligent tools for rapid fault detection and resolution, leading to prolonged downtime.

Wi-Fi discontinuous networking:Poorly designed wireless networks result in coverage gaps and inconsistent user experiences.

Cloud outpacing network:Cloud services evolve faster than traditional networks can adapt, creating bottlenecks.

Difficult network scaling:Legacy networks struggle to scale dynamically to meet growing demands.

Cross-domain fragile infrastructure:Fragmented management across domains (e.g., wired, wireless, WAN) leads to inefficiencies and vulnerabilities.

Addressing these challenges requires modern solutions like SDN (Software-Defined Networking), AI-driven O&M, and unified management platforms.

Virtual Systems and SSL VPN Licenses:

Virtual systems allow a single firewall to act as multiple logical firewalls, each with its own policies and resources.

Concurrent SSL VPN users require licenses for secure remote access.

Default Licensing for USG6000F Series:

By default, the USG6000F series providesfree licenses for 10 virtual systems. However,SSL VPN licenses are not included by defaultand must be purchased separately.

Conclusion:The statement is FALSE because only 10 virtual systems are provided for free, while SSL VPN licenses are not included by default.

Overview of Huawei Controllers:

Huawei offers a range of controllers under the iMaster NCE series, each designed for specific use cases.

Analysis of Each Controller:

iMaster NCE-Fabric:Focuses on data center network automation and management. It does not support unified LAN-WAN management.

iMaster NCE-WAN:Specializes in WAN management, particularly for SD-WAN solutions. It does not manage LANs.

iMaster NCE-Campus:Designed for campus networks, this controller supportsunified LAN-WAN management, enabling centralized control of both wired and wireless networks.

iMaster NCE-IP:Focuses on traditional IP/MPLS network management and does not support unified LAN-WAN management.

Conclusion:The correct answer is Option C, as iMaster NCE-Campus supports unified LAN-WAN management.

Challenges in Campus Networks During the All-Cloud Era:

As enterprises transition to cloud-based architectures, campus networks face several challenges due to increased complexity, scalability demands, and integration with cloud services.

Explanation of Each Challenge:

Difficult network scaling:As businesses grow, scaling traditional campus networks to meet increasing demands becomes challenging without proper automation and flexibility.

Cloud outpacing network:The rapid adoption of cloud services often surpasses the ability of traditional networks to adapt, leading to performance bottlenecks.

Wi-Fi discontinuous networking:Ensuring seamless Wi-Fi coverage and connectivity across large campuses is a significant challenge, especially in environments with high user density.

Slow fault locating:Traditional networks lack advanced tools for real-time monitoring and troubleshooting, resulting in delays in identifying and resolving issues.

Cross-domain fragile infrastructure:Managing multiple domains (e.g., wired, wireless, and cloud) introduces complexity and increases the risk of failures if not properly integrated.

Conclusion:All the listed challenges are valid and commonly faced by enterprises moving toward the all-cloud era.

Understanding the Role of RR (Route Reflector):

In Huawei's SD-WAN solution, the Route Reflector (RR) plays a critical role in distributing routing information and ensuring efficient communication between CPEs (Customer Premises Equipment).

Analysis of Each Statement:

Option A:This is FALSE. The RR in Huawei's SD-WAN solution doesnot directly implement communicationbetween SD-WAN networks and legacy MPLS networks. Instead, it focuses on distributing VPN routes and tunnel information within the SD-WAN overlay network. Communication with legacy MPLS networks typically requires additional integration mechanisms.

Option B:This is correct. The RR can be deployed on a physical AR router or as a virtualized instance (AR1000V vCPE).

Option C:This is correct. The RR can be deployed independently or co-located witha CPE at a site, depending on the network design.

Option D:This is correct. The RR distributes VPN routes and tunnel information between CPEs based on predefined VPN topology policies.

Conclusion:The FALSE statement is Option A.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:Huawei IoT APs support multiple methods for integrating IoT modules or functionalities:

Option A: The USB interface allows external IoT modules to be connected to the AP, enabling flexible expansion.

Option B: Some Huawei IoT APs come with built-in IoT chips, providing native support for IoT protocols like RFID and Bluetooth.

Option C: The PCIe interface is another method for integrating IoT modules, offering high-speed connectivity for advanced IoT applications.

Option D: The PoE out port is used to power external devices but does not directly integrate IoT functionality.

These integration methods ensure that Huawei IoT APs can adapt to various IoT use cases, such as asset tracking, environmental monitoring, and smart building management.

Overview of Fixed Ports and Cards in AR Routers:

AR routers have fixed ports and modular cards that support various networking functions, including Layer 2 and Layer 3 operations.

Analysis of Each Statement:

Option A:This is incorrect. Not all Layer 2 cards support LAN/WAN switching; it depends on the specific model and card type.

Option B:This is correct. Layer 2 cards with VLANIF interfaces can perform simple Layer 3 forwarding but lack advanced features like NAT, MPLS, IPsec, and HQoS.

Option C:This is correct. Some AR router models allow WAN ports to be reconfigured as LAN ports, providing flexibility in deployment.

Option D:This is correct. Theundo portswitchcommand can be used to switch LAN ports to WAN ports, enabling Layer 3 functionality.

Conclusion:The correct statements are Options B, C, and D.