Which factors determine the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of the receiving end to a certain extent After the signal transmission in the WOM system is transmitted over a certain distance, the "oSNR" of the receiving end of the optical signal-to-noise ratio is reduced to a certain extent. Which of the following is the main cause?
The STAT indicator of the SDH board flashes red, lights up for 100ms, and turns off for 100ms. Which of the following means the state of the metric?
Array waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer/multiplexer has the following advantages: short wavelength spacing, large number of channels and flat passband. Suitable for DWDM systems in ultra-high speed, large tubes.
Which of the following device domains can be managed by U2000? (Multiple choice).
The AAC address consists of 46 bits and is globally unique
Which of the following - is the meaning of the eighth-digit MAC address with 1?
The value of the MFAS byte increases with the sequence number of the OTUk/ODUK base frame and includes the most () base frames.
The interval between two adjacent pointer alignment events is at least () frames.
The index is used to folio and delineate the starting position of VC-n in the corresponding AU or TU frame so that the receiving end can correctly remove the corresponding VC from the STM-N The VC and C packages are then separated into separate low-rate signals, such as PDH That is; Low-rate branch signals can be discarded directly from the STM-N signal
Which of the following logical function modules is used to generate exhaust R-LOS alerts?
When the SNCP ring consisting of four Optis OSN 2500 devices has a rate of 25 Gbt/s, the network's service answer stars can carry up to ()2Mt/s Signal.
QinQ technology can be used when multiple users need to share the same VCTRUK and use the same VLAN ID.
Which of the following is the steps to multiplex a low-speed service into a high-speed SDH service? (Multiple choice).
PDM uses a polarization beam splitter to divide the laser into two vertical directions: x and y.
On a Layer 2 switching device, if the Ethernet port is an Access port, the port can only receive Ethernet frames without a VLAN tag or Ethernet frames with the same VLAN ID as the default VLAN ID of the port.
Single-fiber bidirectional WDM systems use only one optical fiber to transmit optical signals in both directions at the same time. Light signals in both directions should be arranged at different wavelengths.
A PAUSE frames use reserved multicast addresses and are not forwarded by bridges or switches. In this way, the PAUSE frame does not generate any additional information.
MSP is a network-level protection scheme. MSF does not directly protect services, and MSP switching and recovery are not affected even if there is no service on the MSP ring.
When the working PQ1 board is oversized, the device will perform and the TFS protection will be reversed. Which of the following statements about the switching process are correct? (Multiple choice).