HPE6-A85 Aruba Certified Campus Access Associate Exam Questions and Answers

The ideal mounting position for a typical Aruba indoor AP is horizontally, below a suspended ceiling. This positioning takes advantage of the AP's antenna radiation pattern and helps provide optimal wireless coverage and performance within the indoor environment.

When a client roams from one access point to another, it must change the destination MAC address on its 802.11 frames to match the new access point to which it is associated. The SSID does not change since it is typically consistent across an entire WLAN, and the default gateway remains the same as long as the client stays within the same IP subnet. The association to a new access point involves updating the destination MAC address in the frames that the client sends.

A static route is a route that is manually configured on a router or switch and does not change unless it is modified by an administrator. Static routes are used to specify how traffic should reach specific destinations that are not directly connected to the device or that are not reachable by dynamic routing protocols. In Aruba CX switches, static routes can be configured using the ip route command in global configuration mode. Based on the “show ip route” output on an Aruba CX 8400 switch, the route “10.1 20 0/24, vrf default via 10.1.12.2, [1/0]” is a static route because it has an administrative distance of 1 and a metric of 0, which are typical values for static routes. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_routing https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_04/NOSCG/Content/cx-noscg/ip-routing/static-routes.htm https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX_10_04/NOSCG/Content/cx-noscg/ip-routing/show-ip-route.htm

Based on the exhibit showing the logging server configurations, server 172.17.17.43 will receive the smallest quantity of data because it is set to the "Warning" event log level. This means it will only log events that are categorized as warnings or higher severity, which are typically less frequent than lower severity levels such as "Information," "Debug," or "Emergency."

In the context of the OSI model, the network layer is responsible for packet forwarding including routing through intermediate routers. Hence, the network layer PDU is known as a packet.

EAP-TEAP is a tunnel-based authentication method that supports both device and user authentication within a single RADIUS session. ClearPass 6.9 supports EAP-TEAP as an authentication method for Windows 10 clients. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ClearPass/6.9/Guest/Content/CPPM_UserGuide/EAP-TEAP/EAP-TEAP.htm

For the requirement to authorize both device and user credentials within one Radius session, the correct solution would be ClearPass 6.9 with EAP-TEAP (EAP-Tunneled Extensible Authentication Protocol). EAP-TEAP is a tunneling protocol that creates a secure communication channel between the client and the server, allowing for the transmission of multiple authentication transactions within a single session. This capability is particularly useful in scenarios where both user and device credentials need to be verified before granting access to network resources, providing an additional layer of security and ensuring that both the user and the device are authorized to access the network.

dBm is a unit of power that measures the ratio of a given power level to 1 mW. The formula to convert dBm to mW is: P(mW) = 1mW * 10^(P(dBm)/10). Therefore, -20 dBm corresponds to 0.01 mW, as follows: P(mW) = 1mW * 10^(-20/10) = 0.01 mW References: https://www.rapidtables.com/convert/power/dBm_to_mW.html

The dBm is a logarithmic unit of power relative to 1 milliwatt (mW). -20 dBm means that the signal strength is 20 decibels lower than 1 mW. In terms of mW, this is 0.01 mW. Each 10 dB decrease represents a tenfold decrease in power. Therefore, -20 dBm is 10−2 10 −2 or 0.01 mW.

The 802.1x authentication process begins after the client device completes the 802.11 association with the access point but before the WPA 4-Way Handshake. This is part of the EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) process, which authenticates the device before allowing full network access.

To troubleshoot an Aruba CX 6300F switch that is failing to boot correctly, you would typically use the USB-C console port. This port allows you to connect to the switch directly with a console cable and access the boot loader menu, where you can see the available OS images and the ServiceOS for recovery and troubleshooting purposes.

Aruba ClientMatch is a technology that continuously monitors client behavior and automatically adjusts client connections to optimize Wi-Fi performance. This includes steering clients to the least congested access point and the best radio on the WLAN, which effectively provides load balancing across different radio bands and AP radios.

OSPF Open Shortest Path First. OSPF is a link-state routing protocol that uses a hierarchical structure to create a routing topology for IP networks. OSPF routers exchange routing information with their neighbors using Hello packets, which are sent periodically on each interface. To establish an adjacency Adjacency is a relationship formed between selected neighboring routers for the purpose of exchanging routing information., OSPF routers must agree on several parameters, including Hello timers, which specify how often Hello packets are sent on an interface. If the Hello timers do not match between neighboring routers, they will not form an adjacency and will not exchange routes. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/osfp/osfp.htm

A flashing amber global status indicator LED on an Aruba CX6200M switch typically indicates that the switch has encountered a fault, but it is recoverable. This LED behavior serves as an alert to the network administrator that an issue needs to be addressed, but it does not necessarily mean that the switch is inoperable.

Profiling is a feature that allows Aruba switches to automatically identify and classify devices connected to them based on various attributes such as MAC address, DHCP options, LLDP information, etc. Profiling can be used to dynamically set the PoE priority on a switch port based on the device type and power requirements. For example, an IP camera may have a higher PoE priority than a printer or a PC. Profiling can also be used to apply other configuration settings such as VLANs, ACLs, QoS, etc. based on the device profile. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/1-overview/profiling.htm

When a network technician encounters an issue where a new SSID does not allow internet access despite successful connectivity and DNS resolution, they should verify the firewall policies associated with the new SSID. The firewall policies must include rules that permit traffic to and from the internet and should be correctly ordered to ensure that they are applied as intended. Since the existing SSID functions correctly, comparing the firewall rules between the two can be a useful method of troubleshooting.

Multiple Pre-Shared Key (MPSK) is a feature that allows device-specific or group-specific passphrases to securely add headless devices to the WLAN Wireless Local Area Network. WLAN is a wireless computer network that links two or more devices using wireless communication to form a local area network (LAN) within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, campus, or office building. . MPSK enhances the WPA2 PSK Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 Pre-Shared Key. WPA2 PSK is a method of securing your network using WPA2 with the use of the optional Pre-Shared Key (PSK) authentication, which was designed for home users without an enterprise authentication server. mode by allowing different PSKs for different devices on the same SSID Service Set Identifier. SSID is a case-sensitive, 32 alphanumeric character unique identifier attached to the header of packets sent over a wireless local-area network (WLAN). The SSID acts as a password when a mobile device tries to connect to the basic service set (BSS) — a component of the IEEE 802.11 WLAN architecture. .  MPSK passwords can be generated or user-created and are managed by ClearPass Policy Manager 1 2 . References:  1  https://blogs.arubanetworks.com/solutions/simplify-iot-authentication-with-multiple-pre-shared-keys/  2   https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ClearPass/6.8/Guest/Content/AdministrationTasks1/Configuring-MPSK.htm

In the access tracker of ClearPass, after a customer successfully connects to a guest network through a captive portal, the OUTPUT tab should show a role indicating that the user is authenticated, such as "Guest authenticated." This role confirms that the user has passed the authentication process and has been granted access.

MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol. MSTP is an IEEE standard protocol for preventing loops in a network with multiple VLANs. MSTP allows multiple VLANs to be mapped to a reduced number of spanning-tree instances. configuration ID consists of two parameters: name and revision. The name is a 32-byte ASCII string that identifies the MSTP region, which is a group of switches that share the same configuration ID and VLAN-to-instance mapping. The revision is a 16-bit number that indicates the version of the configuration ID. By default, the MSTP configuration ID name is set to the switch IMC address, which is a unique identifier derived from the MAC address Media Access Control address. MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address in communications within a network segment. of the switch. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/mstp/mstp.htm

The main characteristic of the 6 GHz band that is true among the given options is that in North America, the 6 GHz band offers more 80 MHz channels than there are 40 MHz channels in the 5 GHz band. This characteristic provides more spectrum availability, less interference, and higher throughput for wireless devices that support Wi-Fi 6E Wi-Fi Enhanced (Wi-Fi 6E) is an extension of Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) standard that operates in the newly available unlicensed frequency spectrum around 6 GHz in addition to existing bands below it. Some facts about this characteristic are:

In North America, there are up to seven non-overlapping channels available in each of three channel widths (20 MHz, 40 MHz, and 80 MHz) in the entire unlicensed portion of the new spectrum (5925–7125 MHz). This means there are up to 21 non-overlapping channels available for Wi-Fi devices in total.

In comparison, in North America, there are only nine non-overlapping channels available in each of two channel widths (20 MHz and 40 MHz) in the entire unlicensed portion of the existing spectrum below it (2400–2483 MHz and 5150–5825 MHz). This means there are only up to nine non-overlapping channels available for Wi-Fi devices in total.

Therefore, in North America, there are more than twice as many non-overlapping channels available in each channel width in the new spectrum than in the existing spectrum below it.

Specifically, there are more than twice as many non-overlapping channels available at 80 MHz width (seven) than at 40 MHz width (three) in the existing spectrum below it.

The other options are not true because:

Less RF signal is absorbed by objects in a 6 GHz WLAN: This option is false because higher frequency signals tend to be more absorbed by objects than lower frequency signals due to higher attenuation Attenuation is a general term that refers to any reduction in signal strength during transmission over distance or through an object or medium . Therefore, RF signals in a 6 GHz WLAN would be more absorbed by objects than RF signals in a lower frequency WLAN.

The 6 GHz band is fully backward compatible with existing bands: This option is false because Wi-Fi devices need to support Wi-Fi 6E standard to operate in the new spectrum around 6 GHz . Existing Wi-Fi devices that do not support Wi-Fi 6E standard cannot use this spectrum and can only operate in existing bands below it.

Low Power Devices are allowed for indoor and outdoor usage: This option is false because Low Power Indoor Devices (LPI) are only allowed for indoor usage under certain power limits and registration requirements . Outdoor usage of LPI devices is prohibited by regulatory authorities such as FCC Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of United States government that regulates communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable across United States . However, outdoor usage of Very Low Power Devices (VLP) may be allowed under certain power limits and without registration requirements.

References: https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wi-fi-certified-6e https://www.wi-fi.org/file/wi-fi-alliance-spectrum-needs-study https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/wireless/spectrum-expert-wi-fi/prod_white_paper0900aecd807395a9.html https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/wireless-mobility/wireless-lan-wlan/82068-power-levels.html https://www.wi-fi.org/file/wi-fi-alliance-unlicensed-spectrum-in-the-us

OAlOps is a feature of Aruba Central that uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to identify recommended steps to resolve network health issues and allows you to share detailed information with support personnel. OAlOps provides insights into network performance, root cause analysis, anomaly detection, proactive alerts, and automated remediation actions. OAlOps also integrates with Aruba User Experience Insight (UXI) sensors to measure and improve user experience across wired and wireless networks. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/ds/DS_ArubaCentral.pdf

To troubleshoot an Aruba CX 6200 switch that is failing to boot correctly, accessing the switch via the RJ-45 console port on any of its member switches provides direct access to the switch's console for troubleshooting. This method allows a network technician to interact with the boot process, view boot messages, and access boot options, including the selection of different OS images or ServiceOS for recovery purposes.

This configuration script will achieve the task as it follows the guidelines given by the Senior Engineer. It creates VLAN 20 with name Mgmt, adds L3 SVI on VLAN 20 with IP address 10.1.1.10/24, creates LAG 1 with LACP mode active for the uplink, uses VLAN 20 as the native VLAN on the LAG, and ensures that the interfaces are all ON. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10.04/HTML/5200-6790/GUID-8F0E7E8B-0F4B-4A3C-AE7F-0F1B5A7F9C5D.html

Edge1# conf t

vlan 20

name Mgmt

interface vlan 20

ip address 10.1.1.10/24

no shut

interface lag 1

no shut

vlan trunk native 20

vlan trunk allowed all

lacp mode active

interface 1/1/51

no shut

lag 1

interface 1/1/52

no shut

lag 1

exit

This script correctly creates VLAN 20 with the name 'Mgmt', adds an L3 SVI for management using the specified IP address, and configures LACP for link aggregation (LAG 1) using the active mode. It also sets VLAN 20 as the native VLAN on the LAG and ensures all interfaces are enabled ('no shut' is the command to bring up the interface if it has been administratively shut down).

TCP 3-Way Handshake sequence is:

Step 1: The initiating host sends a packet with no data to the target host with a SEQ=1 and sets the SYN flag to 1.

Step 2: The target host responds with a packet with ACK=2, SEQ=8, and the SYN and ACK flags set to 1.

Step 3: The initiating host sends a packet with SEQ=2, ACK=9, and the ACK flag set to 1.

Step 4: A normal-controlled connection is established.

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/routing-information-protocol-rip/13788-3.html

An AP signal strength of .0000001 milliwatts is equivalent to -80 dBm. The dBm scale is logarithmic, with every 10 dBm representing a tenfold increase or decrease in power. A signal strength of 1 milliwatt (mW) is 0 dBm, so a signal strength of .0000001 mW is 80 decibels less than 1 mW, which is -80 dBm.

 A slow amber-flashing Stack-LED indicates that stacking mode is selected on the switch. This means that the switch is ready to join a stack or form a new stack if no other switches are present. References: https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/ArubaOS_86_Web_Help/Content/arubaos-solutions/1-overview/stacking-leds.htm

The command that is used to set a default route to 10.4.5.1 on an Aruba CX switch when in-band management using an SVI is being used is ip route 0.0 0 0/0 10.4.5.1 . This command specifies the destination network address (0.0 0 0) and prefix length (/0) and the next-hop address (10.4.5.1) for reaching any network that is not directly connected to the switch. The default route applies to the default VRF Virtual Routing and Forwarding. VRF is a technology that allows multiple instances of a routing table to co-exist within the same router at the same time. VRFs are typically used to segment network traffic for security, privacy, or administrative purposes. , which is used for in-band management traffic that goes through an SVI Switch Virtual Interface. SVI is a virtual interface on a switch that allows the switch to route packets between different VLANs on the same switch or different switches that are connected by a trunk link.  An SVI is associated with a VLAN and has an IP address and subnet mask assigned to it 1 2 . References:  1  https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10_08/HTML/ip_route_4100i-6000-6100-6200/Content/Chp_StatRoute/def-rou.htm  2   https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/AOS-CX/10_08/HTML/ip_route_4100i-6000-6100-6200/Content/Chp_VRF/vrf-overview.htm

A stateful firewall would intelligently deny traffic from a hacker attempting to alter a user's 3-Way Handshake to gain access to their session. Stateful firewalls keep track of the state of active connections and can recognize if an incoming packet is part of an established session. This allows them to detect and block unauthorized access attempts that do not match the known state of a connection.

On an Aruba CX 6300M switch, routing between Switch Virtual Interfaces (SVIs) is enabled by default. Therefore, traffic between SVIs, like 120 and 130, can be routed internally without the need for additional configuration such as route leaking or static routes, as long as there is no 'no routing' configuration present on the SVIs.