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A 39-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, aborta 0, presents with concerns that a friend has recently suffered from postpartum psychosis. She wonders if she is likely to suffer this disorder following delivery of her 2nd child. Which one of the following is most likely to increase your patient's risk?
A 21-year-old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 6-month history of unusual behavior. He believes that he has been specially chosen to found a new religion. He says he has seen visions of angels in his bedroom. He appears disheveled and malodorous. On further inspection, you note that he drinks 2 liters daily. Which one of the following is the most appropriate initial management?
A 43-year-old man comes to your office for the first time. He has not seen a doctor in over 5 years and has no known past medical history. On examination, his blood pressure is 120/70 mm Hg, and the remainder of his examination is normal. As part of the initial visit, you order some screening blood work that reveals a fasting blood glucose of 6.3 mmol/L (3.3–5.8) and a hemoglobin A1c of 6.1% (4–6). Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 59-year-old woman is referred to you because of a 2-month history of left nipple discharge. She is otherwise healthy and is not on any medication. There are no palpable lesions on breast examination. She is able to express a small amount of blood-tinged liquid from her breast. Which one of the following would be the best next step?
An investigator interested in the etiology of neonatal jaundice conducted a study where he selected 150 children diagnosed with this condition and 150 children born in the same time period and in the same hospital who did not have a diagnosis of neonatal jaundice. He then reviewed the delivery records of their mothers to determine various prenatal and perinatal exposures. This is an example of which one of the following?
A 24-year-old nulligravid woman presents to the office with an absence of menstruation since discontinuing her oral contraceptives 8 months ago. She previously had a regular menstrual cycle when taking oral contraceptives for the past 10 years but stopped because of headaches, which have only gotten worse since. She also noticed mild breast discharge for the past several months. Which one of the following examination findings is most likely?
A health authority implements the first-ever colon cancer screening program in its territory. Which one of the following colon cancer indices will likely increase?
An 18-year-old man presents to your clinic with a history of intermittent, dull, achy pain on the left side of his scrotum, and he has now noted left scrotal enlargement. On examination, you note a swelling in the left scrotum when he is standing that disappears when he is supine. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A 72-year-old man reports that his wife says he has hearing trouble. Examination reveals that air conduction on the right side is less than on the left side and greater than bone conduction bilaterally. He hears a tuning fork placed on the top of his head better with his left ear. Which one of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
You are caring for a 78-year-old man admitted to hospital for heart failure. On your rounds, he asks why he is not getting better. He has a history of heart failure, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. He has an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. This is his fourth admission in the past 6 months for acute decompensation of his heart failure. Between hospital admissions, he reports worsening shortness of breath and a progressive decline in function. Which one of the following is the next best step?
A 20-year-old man is brought by a friend to the emergency department with an elevated temperature, generalized muscle rigidity, hypovolemia, a fluctuating level of consciousness, and impaired attention. The patient also may be responding to auditory hallucinations. The friend informs you that the patient overdosed with a prescribed medication. Which one of the following medications is most likely to cause these symptoms?
A 67-year-old man underwent his first endoscopy. He has long-term reflux and heartburn, treatedintermittently with antacids. Biopsies of the distal esophagus reveal Barrett epithelium. Which one of the following is most important in determining the frequency of surveillance endoscopy?
A 40-year-old woman presents to the Emergency Department with confusion and fever (38.5°C). She has a history of hypothyroidism managed with levothyroxine. Key findings include:
Blood pressure
114/78 mm Hg
Heart rate
85/min
Temperature
38.5°C
Hemoglobin
90 g/L123-157 g/L
Platelet count
25 × 10⁹/L130-400 × 10⁹/L
Peripheral blood film
Schistocytes present
Creatinine
200 μmol/L50-90 μmol/L
A 10-year-old girl is brought to the Emergency Department by her mother because her daughter is crying and says she "can’t pee." Her daughter fell on the monkey bars at school earlier that day. On examination, there is a large vulvar bruise anteriorly. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 76-year-old man is brought by his family to your clinic with new-onset urinary incontinence. They state that the patient is experiencing a slowly progressing cognitive decline marked by memory disturbance, apathy, and attentional problems. Examination reveals that the patient has a stooped, forward-leaning posture and a wide-based gait. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
You are counselling a couple that is concerned about the risk that their second child could be affected by the same X-linked recessive disorder (hemophilia A) as their last child, a boy. Neither parent has this disorder. What is the probability that their second child will be affected?
A 55-year-old man presents with vague abdominal pain and general weakness. His mother had colon cancer and died at age 60 years. His physical examination findings and complete blood count results are normal. Which one of the following tests should be ordered first?
A 62-year-old man (wealthy philanthropist) with emphysema from smoking and a 21-year-old woman (elementary teacher) with cystic fibrosis are both compatible matches for a lung transplant. Which criterion determines organ allocation?
You are providing medical care to a 78-year-old man and notice a skin lesion which you suspect is malignant melanoma. He has been living in a long-term care facility for 2 years because of incontinence, mobility and vision problems. He is well-liked by facility staff and residents, manages his own affairs and communicates clearly. He has designated his daughter to be his substitute decision-maker and has signed a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order. Which one of the following is the best next step in providing care to this patient for his skin lesion?
A 66-year-old woman has a 3-month history of dry cough and weight loss. A new chest radiograph reveals a large 2-cm mass in her right upper lobe, which is consistent with carcinoma. You look at her previous films and realize that you had read her chest radiograph as normal 1 year ago, but now clearly see a faint opacity in precisely the same location as her current lesion. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 45-year-old man with a developmental delay and a history of disruptive behavior presents to the clinic looking for his family doctor. He is well known to the clinic. He appears drunk and has accidentally broken 2 large beer bottles in the waiting room but remains calm. The office staff requests your help to deal with this situation. Which one of the following is the most appropriate initial step?
A mother brings her 13-year-old daughter to the office. The girl has had intermittent lower abdominal pain, constipation, and difficulty voiding for 3 months. She says that she is not sexually active. She looks well. She has reached age-specific developmental milestones, and her vital signs are within normal range. On abdominal examination, she is found to have a palpable suprapubic mass that persists after voiding. The girl says that her older sister started having menstrual periods at this age. The patient is surprised that hers have not started. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 26-year-old man presents to your office with fever, chills, and malaise. Aside from an episode of dysuria 8 weeks ago, which spontaneously resolved, he has been healthy. On examination, his left wrist and right ankle are tender. There is a cluster of vesiculopustular lesions on his right hand. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A 22-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, aborta 0, comes to the office at 10 weeks' gestation for her first prenatal visit. When you ask how she is doing, she becomes tearful and says she has had severe nausea and vomiting. She is not taking her prenatal vitamins regularly and feels very guilty about it. She is worried that she is harming the fetus. Which one of the following is the most appropriate management of this patient's case?
A 6-year-old girl is found to have a blood pressure of 130/75 mm Hg. She was born prematurely at 32 weeks' gestation and required ventilation. There is a family history of hypertension in 3 grandparents. Clinical examination reveals a grade 1/6 mid-systolic murmur, no renal bruits, and femoral pulses are difficult to feel. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
You are examining a full-term baby girl in the nursery. You notice that her left forefoot is adducted and supinated relative to the contralateral foot, which makes her left foot appear C-shaped. Which one of the following findings is most instrumental in deciding on the management of this issue?
An 18-year-old woman comes to the office because of fatigue. She tells you she is struggling in her first year of university. She mentions that she spends much of her time rewriting her notes and filing and organizing her study materials. She is doing all the work in her group assignments because she feels others cannot do the work to a high enough standard. She has abandoned all enjoyable activities and seems to be constantly working and worrying about her grades. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A 60-year-old man presents to the office with concerns regarding a pruritic rash, which he has had for several years. He reports a “crawling” sensation on his skin. He is concerned that this rash may be caused by a parasite he may have picked up while serving in the military overseas. On examination, you note multiple crusted lesions on his forearms, neck, chest, scalp, and thighs. There is a complete sparing of the skin on his back. He brought a bottle with fibrous material of different colours that he picked from his wounds. He is otherwise healthy and reports no other symptoms except some chronic fatigue and insomnia related to the itching. Which one of the following treatments is the most appropriate?
A 62-year-old man, who has not seen a physician in 20 years, presents to your clinic with a burning sensation in his feet. The symptoms have been progressing slowly over the last 6 months. There is no associated motor weakness or skin changes. He reports no significant past medical history and takes no medications. His alcohol intake is minimal. On examination, he has reduced pinprick/vibration sensation and proprioception in the ankles with absent ankle reflexes. Which one of the following blood tests would you expect to be abnormal?
A 25-year-old woman presents to the Emergency Department with a 2-hour history of pelvic pain associated with no other symptoms. The first day of her last menstrual period was 14 days ago. On examination, her vital signs are as follows:
Blood pressure
108/72 mm Hg
Heart rate
110/min
Temperature
37 °C
Abdominal examination reveals rebound tenderness and guarding. Pelvic examination reveals exquisite left adnexal tenderness. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A 30-year-old woman presents to your office for a follow-up assessment of a sports-related musculoskeletal injury to her right leg. She requests a letter for her employer regarding her return to work. You feel she should be able to manage some aspects of her factory work. Which one of the following is most appropriate to include in your medical note to this patient's employer?
A 3-year-old boy is brought to the office because he is not using his right arm after a fall from a swing. Radiographs reveal a new fracture and old healing fractures. The parents deny any previous injuries. In addition to providing care for the fracture, which one of the following is the best next step?
A 15-year-old boy is brought to your office because of concerns about his breast development. He has no other symptoms. His physical examination does not reveal any other abnormality. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 32-year-old man presents to the clinic for assessment of a dog bite sustained 3 days ago while traveling in another country. He recalls having seen the dog eat where he was staying, and the animal did not appear well. On examination, the patient has 2 distinct deep puncture wounds on his left leg. There is an erythematous border but no exudate. He is unsure of his immunization status. Which one of the following is the most appropriate management?
A 29-year-old concert pianist with severe chronic kidney disease presents with a 6-month history of loss of appetite and pruritus. Although the issue of initiating dialysis has been discussed with him and his questions answered, he has declined dialysis thus far. You understand his concerns that it will interfere with his concert tour and recording schedule. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 66-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer presents with hard, difficult-to-pass stools. She has been experiencing this issue since starting morphine to control her pain. Which one of the following is the best next step?
You are asked to see a 30-year-old woman, gravida 8, para 4, aborta 1, for symptoms of postpartum depression. She immigrated to Canada 8 months ago. She has been reluctant to speak to members of the medical team without her family members, even when an interpreter is present. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 24-year-old woman with chronic anorexia nervosa presents to the Emergency Department with diarrhea, chest pain and palpitations. She is noted to have a BMI of 13, a heart rate of 48/min, significant orthostatic hypotension and a temperature of 35.9 °C. Her electrocardiogram shows frequent premature ventricular contractions. Her blood work indicates elevated liver transaminases and evidence of acute kidney injury from dehydration. She agrees to admission for medical stabilization only if she does not receive fluids either orally or intravenously, as they will cause her to gain weight and to feel bloated. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 2.5-year-old boy is brought to the Emergency Department after he consumed a button-shaped battery. Chest and abdomen radiographies are performed. Which one of the following locations mandates urgent removal of the battery?
You are being consulted for a 79-year-old man who is about to undergo a total hip arthroplasty. His orthopedic surgeon is aware of the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease and would like your suggestions to help avoid acute postsurgical delirium. To that end, which one of the following is the most effective strategy?
A 56-year-old woman with a 4-year history of fibromyalgia presents for follow-up. She reports that she is struggling with her health and daily life. She is unhappy with her lack of progress and says she feels tired all the time and stays in bed all day. When asked why, she states she is confused about why she is not getting better. Physical exam and investigations are unchanged from baseline. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 3-week-old boy is brought by his parents to your clinic for a well-child visit. The newborn was born at term after an uncomplicated pregnancy. He is exclusively breastfed and is thriving. Physical examination findings are normal except for jaundice. Total bilirubin is 172 μmol/L (≤100), and conjugated bilirubin is 4 μmol/L (≥5). Results of a complete blood count and reticulocyte count are within the normal range. The results of a direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test were negative. Which one of the following, if any, is the most appropriate investigation?
Your colleague's receptionist asks you to assess her 4-year-old daughter who has had 2 episodesof acute otitis media in the last month. The mother wants you to arrange a consultation with an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist to get a tympanostomy before her daughter starts school. You do not believe there is a surgical indication at this time. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 60-year-old woman presents with a 7-day history of bloody diarrhea and diffuse mild abdominal tenderness. Stool tests (culture, ova/parasites) are negative. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 26-year-old man presents to the office with a tender mass in his right neck. He was recently treated for a dental infection but is otherwise well. On examination, there is a 2-cm tender, mobile lymph node in the right anterior cervical chain. No other lymphadenopathy or abnormalities are found on physical examination. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A patient's mother comes to you with a prospective cohort study linking autism to the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. After reviewing the study carefully, you question the results because of problems with the study design and execution. Which one of the following sources of error would be most important in the study design or execution?
A 26-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, presents with a positive pregnancy test. Her previous pregnancy was associated with preeclampsia, and she delivered a 1000 g boy at 34 weeks' gestation. Her blood pressure is 130/86 mm Hg. Which one of the following is the best recommendation for this pregnancy?
A 34-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, aborta 0, presents at 38 weeks' gestation. She is in early labor with ruptured membranes. Her previous pregnancy was complicated by fever during labor. Which one of the following would increase the risk of fever recurrence?
A 19-year-old woman returns to your clinic to discuss her recent laboratory tests. She initially presented with dysuria, dyspareunia, and abnormal uterine bleeding. Her vulvovaginal examination was normal. Her last sexual encounter was 3 weeks prior to the onset of her symptoms. Which one of the following pathogens is most likely to explain this clinical presentation?
A 31-year-old man presents with nocturnal non-exertional chest pain. During an exercise stress test, he does not experience chest pain, and there are no significant ST segment changes on the electrocardiogram. He achieves 17 metabolic equivalent of task (MET), a blood pressure of 190/96 mm Hg (resting blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg), and a maximum heart rate of 162/min (85% of age-predicted maximum). Which one of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A 69-year-old man presents with a 4-day history of a painful right knee. On history, he denies any trauma or similar previous episodes. Examination reveals effusion of the right knee that is warm to the touch. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 32-year-old woman presents to the office with questions related to the mRNA vaccines that are approved for COVID-19. She is a health care worker. She gave birth to a healthy child 2 months ago. Before being immunized, which one of the following is the most important detail to elicit from the patient's history?
An 84-year-old woman is brought by ambulance to the emergency department after she was found by a neighbour. She had fallen, sustained a hip fracture, and was unable to move for the past 2 days. After starting rehydration, she reports hip pain and numbness and tingling in both her legs. Physical examination reveals faint pulses in both legs and severely swollen lower legs that are painful to palpation. The urine in the Foley catheter bag seems to be darker than normal. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 35-year-old man comes to your office with a history of headaches that last 1 hour and are relieved by 1000 mg of acetaminophen. These headaches, which started 6 months ago after he got his first job as a lawyer, occur regularly. The patient wants a computed tomography scan of his head to rule out a tumour. Physical examination reveals no abnormality. Review of systems does not contribute any positive findings. Which one of the following is the best management?
A 26-year-old man presents with pain, numbness, and weakness in his right upper extremity. He works as a computer programmer, and his BMI is 32. Symptoms have worsened since he started spending more time on the keyboard. He reports that his right hand feels clumsier while he is typing. Physical examination reveals mild weakness in the intrinsic muscles of that hand, with a positive Tinel sign at the ulnar nerve. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 31-year-old nulligravid woman presents to your office after 5 months of attempting to get pregnant without success. Her menses are regular, and she is otherwise healthy. Her husband is healthy and has never fathered any children before. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 42-year-old woman is admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with a massive pulmonary embolism. Her condition is stabilized with intubation, hydration, inotropic support, and intravenous administration of heparin. Her partner provides you with a list of her medications. A combination oral contraceptive pill was recently prescribed. She smokes tobacco cigarettes, and her BMI is 36. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 2-month-old infant is brought by his parents to your clinic with concerns regarding his frequent crying spells. He has been crying for more than 3 hours daily for many weeks. The infant has reached all age-specific developmental milestones. Which one of the following is the most important to share with the parents regarding this situation?
You are covering for your colleague who is on vacation this week. You receive the results from an ultrasonography that had been ordered for a 32-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, aborta 0. The ultrasonography-estimated fetal weight is below the fifth percentile for 30 weeks' gestation; gestational age was confirmed by an earlier ultrasonogram. The amniotic fluid volume is within normal range. Her first child's birth weight was 2800 g at full term. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 69-year-old woman with long-standing hypertension presents to the emergency department with a 2-hour history of persistent chest and back pain. A posteroanterior chest radiograph shows suspicious widening of the mediastinal shadow. Which one of the following is most likely to yield a clinical diagnosis?
A 65-year-old woman presents to the office for follow-up regarding vaginal bleeding. Her last visit was 2 months ago. At that visit, the results of a pelvic examination and a Papanicolaou test were normal. She also had an endometrial biopsy but there was "insufficient material for diagnosis." She reports that she is still losing small amounts of blood almost every day. On history, she has been taking continuous combined hormone replacement therapy for 10 years because of vasomotor symptoms. Which one of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
You are conducting a virtual appointment by voice-only call with a 68-year-old man regarding back pain. When he answers, you ask for him by name and identify yourself and the clinic from which you are calling. Which one of the following is the best next step?
You are seeing a 5-month-old infant who has had intermittent stridor since age 2 months. He is otherwise healthy. He has been drinking well and has been reaching all the age-specific developmental milestones. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A 34-year-old man sustained a blunt testicular trauma 2 hours ago. On physical examination, the patient has a 1.5-cm tall scrotal hematoma. You cannot palpate the testicle. Which one of the following is the best initial management?
You are taking over a practice from a retiring family physician. The practice has paper records of patients dating back many years, including records of former patients. Which one of the following organizations is the most appropriate to contact regarding medical record retention requirements?
A 35-year-old woman presents to your clinic with double vision and a gritty sensation in her eyes for the past several weeks. On examination, you notice her eyes are bulging. There is inflammation of her conjunctivae and swelling around her eyes. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
TESTED 04 Jun 2025