NSE7_ZTA-7.2 Fortinet NSE 7 - Zero Trust Access 7.2 Questions and Answers

To prevent direct host-to-host communication at layer 2 and use only FortiGate to inspect all the VLAN traffic, an administrator must configure:

• B. Block intra-VLAN traffic in the VLAN interface settings: This setting prevents direct communication between hosts within the same VLAN, forcing traffic to be routed through FortiGate for inspection.
• D. Configure static routes to allow subnets: By setting up static routes, the administrator ensures that traffic between different subnets is correctly routed through the FortiGate for inspection and policy enforcement.
• E. Configure a firewall policy to allow the desired traffic between hosts: Firewall policies on the FortiGate will dictate what traffic is permitted between hosts, ensuring that only authorized traffic is allowed.

The other options are not typically required for this setup:

• A. Configure proxy ARP to allow traffic: Proxy ARP is not necessary for this scenario as it involves answering ARP requests on behalf of another host, which is not relevant to blocking intra-VLAN traffic.
• C. Add the VLAN interface to a software switch: This would create a switch-like environment on the FortiGate, which is counterproductive to the goal of preventing direct host-to-host communication at layer 2.

References:

• FortiGate VLAN Configuration Guide.
• Blocking Intra-VLAN Communication in FortiGate.

In the scenario where FortiNAC has alarm mappings configured for MDM (Mobile Device Management) compliance failure and FortiClient EMS (Endpoint Management System) is integrated as an MDM connector, the typical response when an endpoint is quarantined by FortiClient EMS is to isolate the host in the registration VLAN. This action is consistent with FortiNAC's approach to network access control, focusing on ensuring network security and compliance. By moving the non-compliant or quarantined host to a registration VLAN, FortiNAC effectively segregates it from the rest of the network, mitigating potential risks while allowing for further investigation or remediation steps.References:FortiNAC documentation, MDM Compliance and Response Actions.

Based on the ZTNA logs provided, the true statement is:

• A. The Remote_user ZTNA tag has matched the ZTNA rule: The log includes a user tag "ztna_user" and a policy name "External_Access_FAZ", which suggests that the ZTNA tag for "Remote_User" has successfully matched the ZTNA rule defined in the policy to allow access.

The other options are not supported by the information in the log:

• B. An authentication scheme is configured: The log does not provide details about an authentication scheme.
• C. The external IP for ZTNA server is 10.122.0.139: The log entry indicates "dstip=10.122.0.139" which suggests that this is the destination IP address for the traffic, not necessarily the external IP of the ZTNA server.
• D. Traffic is allowed by firewall policy 1: The log entry "policyid=1" indicates that the traffic is matched to firewall policy ID 1, but it does not explicitly state that the traffic is allowed; although the term "action=accept" suggests that the action taken by the policy is to allow the traffic, the answer option D could be considered correct as well.

References:

• Interpretation of FortiGate ZTNA Log Files.
• Analyzing Traffic Logs for Zero Trust Network Access.

Given the output showing a real-time debug, the statement that describes the login failure is:

• C. student is not part of the usergroup SSL_VPN_Users: The debug log contains a line that says "fnbam_cert_check_group_list-checking group with name 'SSL_VPN_Users'" followed by "peer_check_add_peer_check_student" and later "RDN_match-Checking 'CN' val 'STUDENT' -- no match." This suggests that the certificate presented has a common name (CN) of 'student', which does not match or is not authorized under the 'SSL_VPN_Users' group expected for successful authentication.

NGFW stands for Next-Generation Firewall, which is a network security device that provides advanced features beyond the traditional firewall, such as application awareness, identity awareness, threat prevention, and integration with other security tools. ZTA stands for Zero Trust Architecture, which is a security model that requires strict verification of the identity and context of every request before granting access to network resources. ZTA assumes that no device or user can be trusted by default, even if they are connected to a corporate network or have been previously verified.

In a ZTA deployment, NGFW can perform two functions:

• Acts as segmentation gateway: NGFW can act as a segmentation gateway, which is a device that separates different segments of the network based on security policies and rules. Segmentation can help isolate and protect sensitive data and applications from unauthorized or malicious access, as well as reduce the attack surface and contain the impact of a breach. NGFW can enforce granular segmentation policies based on the identity and context of the devices and users, as well as the applications and services they are accessing. NGFW can also integrate with other segmentation tools, such as software-defined networking (SDN) and microsegmentation, to provide a consistent and dynamic segmentation across the network.
• Device discovery and profiling: NGFW can also perform device discovery and profiling, which are processes that identify and classify the devices that are connected to the network, as well as their attributes and behaviors. Device discovery and profiling can help NGFW to apply the appropriate security policies and rules based on the device type, role, location, health, and activity. Device discovery and profiling can also help NGFW to detect and respond to anomalous or malicious devices that may pose a threat to the network.

References: =

Some possible references for the answer and explanation are:

What is a Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW)? | Fortinet : What is Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA)? | Fortinet : Zero Trust Architecture Explained: A Step-by-Step Approach : The Most Common NGFW Deployment Scenarios : Sample Configuration for Post vWAN Deployment

To trigger layer 2 polling on FortiNAC, the three methods are:

• A. Polling scripts: These are scripts configured within FortiNAC to actively poll the network at layer 2 to gather information about connected devices.
• C. Manual polling: This involves manually initiating a polling process from the FortiNAC interface to gather current network information.
• D. Scheduled tasks: Polling can be scheduled as regular tasks within FortiNAC, allowing for automated, periodic collection of network data.

The other options are not standard methods for layer 2 polling in FortiNAC:

• B. Link traps: These are more related to SNMP trap messages rather than layer 2 polling.
• E. Polling using API: While APIs are used for various integrations, they are not typically used for initiating layer 2 polling in FortiNAC.

References:

• FortiNAC Layer 2 Polling Documentation.
• Configuring Polling Methods in FortiNAC.