PMI-SP PMI Scheduling Professional Questions and Answers

The consultant is an example of expert judgment, as he is helping you and the project team to create the project elements. Expert judgment is a technique based on a set of criteria that has been acquired in a specific knowledge area or product area. It is obtained when the project manager or project team requires specialized knowledge that they do not possess. Expert judgment involves people most familiar with the work of creating estimates. Preferably, the project team member who will be doing the task should complete the estimates. Expert judgment is applied when performing administrative closure activities, and experts should ensure the project or phase closure is performed to the appropriate standards.

Answer option A is incorrect. The consultant may be considered a direct expense because the fees can only be assigned to your project work, but this is not the best choice for the question.

Answer option B is incorrect. An external requirement is not a valid choice for this question.

Answer option C is incorrect. A temporary resource is not a valid project management term.

Total float is the time you can delay an activity without delaying the project end date, whereas free float is on each activity and does not affect the early start date of successor activities. Float, also called slack, is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without affecting any subsequent activities. There are two types of floats available: Free Float: It is the amount of time a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following schedule activities. Total Float: It is the total amount of time that a schedule activity may be delayed from its early start date without delaying the project finish date, or violating schedule constraint. Float is calculated by using the critical path method technique.

Answer options C, A, and D are incorrect. These are not accurate definitions of free float and total float.

According to the question, the project has twenty-five stakeholders. Communication channels are paths of communication with stakeholders in a project. The number of communication channels shows the complexity of a project ' s communication and can be derived through the formula shown below: Total Number of Communication Channels = n (n-1)/2 where, n is the number of stakeholders. Hence, a project having five stakeholders will have ten communication channels. Putting the value of the number of stake holder in the formula will provide the number of communication channels: Number of communication channel = (n (n-1)) / 2 = (25 (25-1)) / 2 = (25 x 24) / 2 = 600 / 2 = 300 Who are project stakeholders? Project stakeholders are those entities within or without an organization, which: Sponsor a project or, Have an interest or a gain upon a successful completion of a project. Examples of project stakeholders include the customer, the user group, the project manager, the development team, the testers, etc. Stakeholders are anyone who has an interest in the project. Project stakeholders are individuals and organizations that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be affected as a result of project execution or project completion. They may also exert influence over the project ' s objectives and outcomes. The project management team must identify the stakeholders, determine their requirements and expectations, and, to the extent possible, manage their influence in relation to the requirements to ensure a successful project.

This is an example of rolling wave planning. Rolling wave planning focuses on the most imminent work in detail and creates estimates for the whole project and later work in broad estimates. Rolling wave planning is a form of progressive elaboration. Rolling wave planning is a technique for performing progressive elaboration planning where the work to be accomplished in the near future is planned in detail at a low level of the work breakdown structure. The work to be performed within another one or two reporting periods in the near future is planned in detail as work is being completed during the current period.

Answer option D is incorrect. Decomposition describes the breakdown of the project scope into work packages, and then the work packages are broken down into project activities.

Answer option C is incorrect. Phase gates describe the review process associated with the end of project phases.

Answer option A is incorrect. Milestone planning defines the project milestones, not the activities required to reach the milestones.

The activity list and the attributes will contain the information about the activities that interact with the government regulations.

Answer option A is incorrect. The risk management plan communicates how the risks will be identified, analyzed, responded to, and monitored.

Answer option D is incorrect. The risk register is a list of all the risk events for the project.

Answer option B is incorrect. The activity list is not a detailed enough answer for this question.

The to-complete performance index shows the likelihood of reaching the project objectives based on the current performance. The formula is (BAC-EV)/(BAC-AC) for a result of 1.02. The higher the value over 1 the less likely the project is to reach its objectives based on the current performance.To-complete Performance Index (TCPI) is the measured projection of the anticipated performance required to achieve either the BAC or the EA

C. TCPI indicates the future required cost efficiency needed to achieve a target EAC (Estimate At Complete).Once approved, the EAC supersedes the BAC as the cost performance goal. Any significant difference between TCPI and the CPI needed to meet the EAC should be accounted for by management in their forecast of the final cost. The formula for TCPI is as follows: TCPI = {(BAC-EV)/(BAC-AC)}

Answer option B is incorrect. This is the cost performance index for this project.

Answer option A is incorrect. This is the expected variance at completion.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is not a valid answer for this question.

The Precedence Diagramming Method uses both predecessors and successors as nodes in the project network diagram. The PDM approach is the most common network diagram approach used.

Answer option C is incorrect. Dependency determination identifies the order of the project work.

Answer option B is incorrect. The schedule network template is a tool that uses a previous project network diagram as a base for the current project network diagram.

Answer option D is incorrect. Activity on the node places activities on circles within a network diagram. It is an example of the precedence diagramming method.

Tom is working with the project communication management process, as it is required to ensure the timely disposition of project information. Project Communications Management is one of the nine Knowledge Areas. It employs the processes required to ensure timely and appropriate generation, collection, distribution, storage, retrieval, and ultimate disposition of project information. The following processes are part of Project Communications Management:

Identify Stakeholders

Plan Communications

Distribute information

Manage Stakeholder Expectations

Report Performance

The Project Communications Management processes provide the critical links among people and information that are necessary for successful communications. These processes interact with each other and with the processes in the other Knowledge Areas as well.

Answer option B is incorrect. Managing stakeholder expectation is the process of working and communicating with the stakeholders to meet their requirements.

Answer option A is incorrect. Work performance measurement uses the information to create project activity metrics to evaluate actual progress compared to planned progress.

Answer option D is incorrect. Stakeholder analysis is the process of gathering and analyzing quantitative and qualitative information to determine the interest of the stakeholders. You are the project manager for your organization. Management has asked you to document the holidays, weekends, and other corporate working hours, which will supersede the project timings for your schedule. Which calendar will communicate to the project stakeholders, when the project work will take place within the organization?

The various group creativity techniques are as follows: Brainstorming: It is a technique used to generate and collect multiple ideas related to the project and product requirements. Nominal group technique: It is a technique used to enhance brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming or prioritization. Delphi technique: It is a techniques used to identify potential risk. In this technique, the responses are gathered via a questionnaire from different experts and their inputs are organized according to their contents. Idea/mind mapping: It is a technique used to map the ideas generated by brainstorming to reflect the commonality and differences in understanding and generating new ideas. Affinity diagram: It is a technique used to allow a large number of ideas to be sorted into groups for review and analysis.

Project scope is the effort that must be required to gather a client ' s plan, goals for space, purpose, properties, impact, and stage of eminence. Scope management sets the boundaries for the project and is the foundation on which the other project elements are built. Scope management helps to organize the work responsibilities and their requirements for successful completion. Managing the project scope is primarily concerned with defining and controlling what is and what is not included in the project.

The graphic shown in the figure is a communications bull ' s eye. The project manager must keep the project within the boundaries defined by the bull ' s eye or he will need to generate a performance report. This is an example of management by exception because the project manager only communicates with management when there is an exception, or variance, within the project.

Answer options C, B, and D are incorrect. These are not valid terms for the communications bull ' s eye.

Noise is anything that disrupts the communication method such as static on the telephone line, distracting conversations, or misunderstandings.

Answer option A is incorrect. Static is an example of noise, but it is not part of the communication model.

Answer option D is incorrect. A barrier to communication is when communication cannot happen under the present conditions.

Answer option B is incorrect. A deterrent is not a valid part of the communication model.

The last duty of a project manager is to archive the project records as part of the organizational process assets.

Answer option B is incorrect. The cost summary is included in the final project report.

Answer option C is incorrect. The project variance is included in the final project report as it shows cost performance.

Answer option D is incorrect. A project office is an organization within the company that oversees and supports project. Marty would not close the project office.

The project will end on a Wednesday. If the project work commences on a Tuesday, there will be four days to complete in that week. That will bring the project work down to 63 days of remaining work. Each work week counts as five days of work. 63 divided by 5 is 12 work weeks with three days remaining. The 63rd remaining day will complete on a Wednesday.

Answer options C, D, and B are incorrect. These are not the valid answers.

The graphic shown in the figure is a communications bull ' s eye. The project manager must keep the project within the boundaries defined by the bull ' s eye or he will need to generate a performance report. This is an example of management by exception because the project manager only communicates with management when there is an exception, or variance, within the project.

Answer options C, B, and D are incorrect. These are not valid terms for the communications bull ' s eye.

Resource leveling usually increases the overall duration of the project because management restricts the amount of labor which can be utilized in a given time period. Resource leveling heuristics is a prioritization method that allocates inadequate resources to critical path activities first. It is a schedule network analysis technique useful to a schedule that has already been analyzed by the critical path method. It is used when shared or critical essential resources are only available at certain times, in limited quantities, or to keep resource usage at a constant level. It is a technique that resolves resource conflicts by delaying tasks within their slack allowances. Resource leveling is the process in which project teams come across problems when developing their project schedules. If a company has multiple projects running simultaneously that require the same resources, then problems can arise. It can often cause the critical path method to change.

Answer option C is incorrect. New resources are not added as part of resource leveling.

Answer option D is incorrect. Labor remains the same in resource leveling, but their availability decreases.

Answer option B is incorrect. New resources are not added as part of resource leveling.

The Develop Project Charter process documents the formal authorization of a project or a phase. It also documents initial requirements that satisfy the stakeholder ' s needs and expectations. It is used to validate the decisions made during the previous iteration of the Develop Project Charter process. The various inputs of this process are as follows: Project statement of work

Business case

Contract

Enterprise environmental factors

Organizational process assets

The output of the Develop project Charter process is as follows:

Project charter

Answer option A is incorrect. Procurement document is the input of the Identify Stakeholders process.

A statement of work (SOW) is a document that captures and defines the work activities, deliverables and timeline that a vendor will execute against in performance of work for a customer. Detailed requirements and pricing are usually specified in it, along with many other terms and conditions. SOW is a narrative description of products or services to be supplied by the project. For internal projects, the project initiator or sponsor provides the statement of work based on business needs, product, or service requirements. For external projects, the statement of work can be received from the customer as part of a bid document.

Answer option B is incorrect. Scope of statement gives the narrative description of the project scope.

Answer option A is incorrect. Project charter is a document that formally authorizes a project manager to work on a project.

Answer option D is incorrect. WBS is a tool that defines a project and groups the project discrete work in a way that helps organize and define the total work scope.

Project document updates are not an output of the Define Activities process. Project document updates are the outputs for estimate activity resources. Project document updates include the following:

Activity list

Activity attributes

Resource calendars

Answer option A is incorrect. The activity list is an output of the define activities process.

Answer option C is incorrect. The activity attributes is an output of the define activities process.

Answer option B is incorrect. The milestone list is an output of the define activities process.

The law of diminishing returns state that the user cannot exponentially add labor to a project to reduce the amount of time required to complete the project work. In other words, Harry cannot keep doubling the workforce on this project to reduce the project duration down to just a few minutes. The law of diminishing returns state that " the user will get less and less output when he add additional doses of an input while holding other inputs fixed. In other words, the marginal product of each unit of input will decline as the amount of that input increases holding all other inputs constant. " Diminishing returns mean that the extra labor causes output to fall, which means that the MPL is negative. In other words, the change in output per unit increase in labor is negative and total output is falling.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is not a valid project management term.

Answer option A is incorrect. Parkinson ' s Law states that work will expand to the amount of time allotted to it.

Answer option D is incorrect. Moore ' s Law is based on Intel ' s Gordon Moore who stated that processor speeds generally double in power every 18 months.

A phase is a combination of associated activities that represent a distinct stage within a project. A phase can have distinct start and finish dates and include several stages of planning and work. Each project has a defined scope of work, such as a unique product or service. Some examples of phases within the scope of work for a project plan are conceptual engineering, pre-construction, and engineering.

Answer option A is incorrect. Concrete is an activity, not a project phase.

When it comes to creating the project ' s activity duration estimating, the critical path is not yet a concern. The critical path will be determined by the duration of the project activities and the sequencing of the project events. A critical path is the sequence of project activities, which add up to the longest overall duration. This determines the shortest time possible to complete the project. Any delay of an activity on the critical path directly impacts the planned project completion date (i.e. there is no float on the critical path). A project can have several, parallel, near critical paths. An additional parallel path through the network with the total durations shorter than the critical path is called a sub-critical or non-critical path. These results allow managers to prioritize activities for the effective management of project completion, and to shorten the planned critical path of a project by pruning critical path activities, by " fast tracking " (i.e., performing more activities in parallel), and/or by " crashing the critical path " (i.e., shortening the durations of critical path activities by adding resources).

Answer option C is incorrect. The resource calendar must be considered for the availability of the project resource.

Answer option A is incorrect. The project calendar must be considered to determine when the project work is allowed to take place in the different sites.

Answer option D is incorrect. Time zone differences must be considered for communication demands and coordination of events between the geographical sites.

Activity I must finish by Day 22, so that Activity J can start by Day 23. If Activity I finishes later than Day 22, the project will be late.

Answer option D is incorrect. Day 19 is the earliest Activity I can finish.

Answer option A is incorrect. Day 20 is the latest Activity I can start.

Answer option C is incorrect. Day 17 is the earliest Activity I can start.

Involving the project team is needed as part of the work package decomposition to get better and more accurate results. The project team comprises the people completing the work and often the experts that can direct the discussion and decomposition efforts. The decomposition technique is used to further divide all project deliverables into smaller component activities. Activities correspond to the effort required to complete a work package. Each and every work package in the WBS is decomposed into the activities needed to create the work package deliverables. Involving team members in the decomposition technique results in better and more precise outcomes.

Answer option B is incorrect. While the team may help the activity decomposition go faster, this is not the best choice for this question.

Answer option A is incorrect. Through the decomposition process, the project manager will learn about the project work, but this is not the primary reason to involve the project team.

Answer option D is incorrect. It is possible to create assignments while completing the activity list, but usually all of the activities are defined and sequenced, and then resources are assigned to manage availability and utilization.

The project communications management plan is a document to define who needs what information, when the information is needed, and the modality the information is expected. Stakeholder communication preferences are also recorded here. What is Project Communication Management? Project Communications Management is one of the nine Knowledge Areas. It employs the processes required to ensure timely and appropriate generation, collection, distribution, storage, retrieval, and ultimate disposition of project information. The following processes are part of Project Communications Management: Identify Stakeholders

Plan Communications

Distribute information

Manage Stakeholder Expectations

Report Performance

The Project Communications Management processes provide the critical links among people and information that are necessary for successful communications. These processes interact with each other and with the processes in the other Knowledge Areas as well.

Answer option D is incorrect as the project scope management plan defines how the scope is created, managed, how changes to the scope are managed, and how the scope is validated.

Answer option B is incorrect as the project reporting structure defines who reports to whom, not the preferences and requirements for communication.

Answer option C is incorrect as the project schedule defines when project activities are to occur.

Activity I can actually take all the way to Day 30 to complete. Note in the figure that Activity I does not need to be completed before Activity K can begin. This allows Activity I to take until Day 30 to complete as its late finish.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is the earliest Activity I may finish.

Answer options B and A are incorrect. These are not the valid calculation.

The schedule variance for a project can be found by subtracting the planned value from the earned value. In this instance, it would be as follows:

SV = EV - PV

=(0.85*9,850,400) - (0.95*9,850,400)

= 8,372,840 - 9,357,880

=-985,040

Schedule variance (SV) is a measure of schedule performance on a project. The variance notifies that the schedule is ahead or behind what was planned for this period in time. The schedule variance is calculated based on the following formula: SV = Earned Value (EV) - Planned Value (PV) If the resulting schedule is negative, it indicates that the project is behind schedule. A value greater than 0 shows that the project is ahead of the planned schedule. A value of 0 indicates that the project is right on target.

Answer option B is incorrect. $130,901 is the cost variance.

Answer option A is incorrect. $163,626 is the variance at completion for this project.

Answer option D is incorrect. 0.16 is the difference between the schedule performance index of .84 and a perfect schedule.

Terri is using the critical path method in this example. The question acknowledges that Terri has identified float and the critical path, but it makes no mention of the availability of project resources - something the critical chain method focuses on. Critical Path Method, abbreviated CPM, or Critical Path Analysis, is a mathematically based algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities. It is an important tool for effective project management. It provides the following benefits: Provides the graphical view of the project. Predicts the time required to complete the project. Shows which activities are critical to maintain the schedule and which are not. CPM models the activities and events of a project as a network. Activities are depicted as nodes on the network, and events that signify the beginning or ending of activities are depicted as arcs or lines between the nodes.

Answer option A is incorrect. The question does not indicate that Terri is concerned with the availability of project resources - as she would be if she were using the critical chain method.

Answer option B is incorrect. The risk analysis method is not a valid scheduling technique.

Answer option C is incorrect. Activity on the arrow method is not being described in this question.

The communications management plan needs to be updated whenever there is a change in the frequency, type, or audience of communication. The communication management plan is a document that contains information that is required by the stakeholders. It also documents when and how the information should be distributed. It describes the information delivery needs, its format and level of detail. The communication management plan is contained in or is a subsidiary of the project management plan.

Answer option D is incorrect. The project management plan is a collection of subsidiary plans, including the communications management plan.

Answer option A is incorrect. The scope of the project is not being changed in this example, so there is no need to update the plan.

Answer option B is incorrect. There is no plan by the name of performance management plan, so this choice is incorrect.

The milestone list is needed as an input to the sequence activities process. Milestones are timeless events in the project schedule that are generally created as a result of phase completion. What is a milestone list? A milestone list provides a sequence of indicators about project progress to date and achievements or goals, which are to be achieved. The milestone list is used in project management as an indication of progress through the achievement of a major project accomplishment. It is a project document that is not part of the project management plan. The list contains all the project milestones along with information indicating whether they are mandatory to achieve or not.

Answer option B is incorrect. While the activity list is an input to activity sequencing, it is not a document that shows timeless events or the results of activity phases.

Answer option A is incorrect. Activity attributes describe the work, nature of the activity, and required resources for the activity.

Answer option C is incorrect. The project scope statement is an input to the activity sequence, but it does not define the end result of activity phases.

Although this appears to be a simple change the project manager must still follow the rules of the project ' s change control system. Perform Integrated Change Control is the process of reviewing all change requests, approving changes, and controlling changes to the deliverables and organizational process assets in a project. Perform Integrated Change Control has to do with influencing the things that cause change, determining that the change is required or has happened, and managing the change.

Answer option D is incorrect. Communications management is the execution of the communications management plan.

Answer option A is incorrect. The project change control process not valid as it ' s the parent of the integrated change control process, which is more accurate for this question.

Answer option C is incorrect. Configuration management is the documentation and control of the product ' s features and functions.

The schedule performance index can be found by dividing the earned value by the planned value. In this instance, it is $180,000 / $247,500 for a value of .73. Schedule performance index (SPI) is the measure of schedule efficiency on a project. It is used in trend analysis to predict future performance. SPI is the ratio of earned value to planned value. The SPI is calculated based on the following formula: SPI = Earned Value (EV) / Planned Value (PV) If the SPI value is greater than 1, it indicates better than expected performance, whereas if the value is less than 1, it shows poor performance. The SPI value of 1 indicates that the project is right on target.

Answer option D is incorrect. This is the schedule variance formula of EV-PV.

Answer option A is incorrect. This is the TCPI formula of 1.04.

Answer option B is incorrect. This is the VAC formula with a result of -$27,500.

These are some communication activities that Tom uses to communicate with the team and the stakeholders. Communications skills are part of general management skills and are used to exchange information. Communication has many dimensions: Written and oral, listening, and speaking Internal (within the project) and external (customer, the media, the public) Formal (reports, briefings) and informal (memos, ad hoc conversations) Vertical (up and down the organization) and horizontal (with peers) Communication is the most important skill that a project manager must posses. It is the single most important characteristics of a top-class project manager. Project managers must communicate well in order to integrate and maximize the performance of team members. Oral and written communications are the backbone of every successful project. During different phases of a project, a project manager requires to communicate through different manners (for example, documentation, meeting updates, etc.) and he must ensure that the information communicated is explicit, clear, and complete.

Answer option C is incorrect. It is a technique to resolve conflict that arises while communicating with different parties.

The primary reason for including the activity identifier and the scope of work description for each activity is to ensure the project team understands what work is required to be completed.

Answer option B is incorrect. Profit and loss statements are not required for all projects and they are linked to actual performance against a project baseline.

Answer option D is incorrect. Communicating to the stakeholders is always a good idea, but stakeholders would not usually need to know the activity details. Their focus is on project benefits and deliverables.

Answer option A is incorrect. A requirements traceability matrix is the tool to link requirements to project deliverables.

The WBS is not an input, directly, to the develop schedule process. Technically, you will need the scope baseline, which does include the WBS. The inputs in developing a schedule process are of nine types, which are as follows:

Activity list

Activity attributes

Project schedule network diagrams

Activity resource requirements

Resource calendars

Activity duration estimates

Project scope statement

Enterprise environmental factors

Organization process assets

Fast tracking is a technique for compressing project schedule. In fast tracking, phases are overlapped that would normally be done in sequence. It is shortening the project schedule without reducing the project scope.

Answer option D is incorrect. Crashing is a process in that the project manager adds more resources to effort-driven activities in an attempt to shorten their duration.

Answer option A is incorrect. A lag time is a delay between the predecessor and the successor tasks. Sometimes it may be needed to schedule a delay between the predecessor and the successor tasks. For example, if two coats of paint are required to paint a car, then the final coat should be applied only when the first coat dries. This delay is known as the lag time. The lag time is entered as a positive value. The lag time can be entered as a duration or as a percentage of the predecessor ' s task duration. It is entered on the Predecessor tab in the Task Information dialog box.

Answer option B is incorrect. A lead time is the time that overlaps between the predecessor and the successor tasks. The successor task can start before the predecessor task finishes. For example, if a task can start when its predecessor is one-fourth finished, a finish-to-start dependency with a lead time of 25 percent for the successor task can be specified. The lead time is entered as a negative value. The lead time can be entered as a duration or as a percentage of the predecessor ' s task duration. It is entered on the Predecessor tab in the Task Information dialog box.

The critical path is the path with the longest duration to complete the project. It has no float and shows the earliest completion date and the latest completion date for the project. In this example, path ACFIJ takes 27 days and is the critical path.

ACFIJ= A(4)+C(8)+F(4)+I(7)+J(4)= 27

A critical path is the sequence of project activities, which add up to the longest overall duration. This determines the shortest time possible to complete the project. Any delay of an activity on the critical path directly impacts the planned project completion date (i.e. there is no float on the critical path). A project can have several, parallel, near critical paths. An additional parallel path through the network with the total durations shorter than the critical path is called a sub-critical or non-critical path. These results allow managers to prioritize activities for the effective management of project completion, and to shorten the planned critical path of a project by pruning critical path activities, by " fast tracking " (i.e., performing more activities in parallel), and/or by " crashing the critical path " (i.e., shortening the durations of critical path activities by adding resources).

Answer option A is incorrect. ABEHJ takes only 22 days to complete.

ABEHJ= A(4)+B(5)+E(2)+H(7)+J(4)= 22

Answer option C is incorrect. ABDHJ takes 21 days to complete.

ABDHJ= A(4)+B(5)+D(1)+H(7)+J(4)= 21

Answer option B is incorrect. ABDIJ takes 21 days to complete.

ABDIJ= A(4)+B(5)+D(1)+I(7)+J(4)= 21

An activity is an individual component of work that is logically linked to other activities to outline the schedule. Its key characteristics include an overall duration based upon the resources applied to it (manpower, material, and equipment), a start and completion date that is tied to a work calendar, and an association with other activities (predecessor and successors). Following are the various types of activities in schedule creation: Tasks: A task is an activity that needs to be accomplished within a defined period of time. Milestones: A milestone is the end of a stage that marks the completion of a work package or phase, typically marked by a high level event such as completion, endorsement or signing of a deliverable, document or a high level review meeting. Flags: Flags shall occur at appropriate intervals of approximately each month. The flags shall be located on the critical path and be incorporated into the baseline, all targets, and the current schedule. Hammocks: Hammocks are a summary pseudo " activity " representing a group of related activities that collectively cover some portion of a project.

Answer option B is incorrect. The Critical Path scheduling, or Critical Path Analysis, is a mathematically based algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities.

The project schedule network diagram is an output of the sequence activity process, not an input. This process uses five inputs: the activity list, the activity attributes, milestone list, the project scope statement, and the organizational process assets. The project schedule network diagram is an output of the sequence activity process. It represents a schematic display of the project ' s schedule activities and the logical relationship among them. This diagram can be produced manually or by using the project management software. It consists of complete project details, or one or more summary activities.

Answer options D, B and A are incorrect. These are inputs to the process.

The project will need $787,504 more to complete. This formula, the estimate to complete, is estimate at completion minus the actual costs. Here,

CPI = EV/AC =(0.40*1,258,456)/525000= 0.95882, and

ETC = EAC - AC

= (BAC/CPI) - AC

=(1,258,456/0.95882) - 525000

= 1,312,504- 525000

= 787,504

The estimate to complete (ETC) is the expected cost needed to complete all the remaining work for a scheduled activity, a group of activities, or the project. ETC helps project managers predict what the final cost of the project will be upon completion. The formula for the ETC is EAC- AC. The EAC is BAC/CPI.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is the estimate at completion.

Answer option A is incorrect. This is the planned value.

Answer option D is incorrect. This is not a valid value based on the current project performance.

The activity nodes of path ACFGJ equals 26 days and is the longest path to completion - it is the critical path.

ACFGJ= A(4)+C(8)+F(4)+G(6)+J(4)=26

What is a critical path?

A critical path is the sequence of project activities, which add up to the longest overall duration. This determines the shortest time possible to complete the project. Any delay of an activity on the critical path directly impacts the planned project completion date (i.e. there is no float on the critical path). A project can have several, parallel, near critical paths. An additional parallel path through the network with the total durations shorter than the critical path is called a sub-critical or non-critical path. These results allow managers to prioritize activities for the effective management of project completion, and to shorten the planned critical path of a project by pruning critical path activities, by " fast tracking " (i.e., performing more activities in parallel), and/or by " crashing the critical path " (i.e., shortening the durations of critical path activities by adding resources).

Answer option A is incorrect. ABEHJ takes only 22 days to complete; it is not the critical path. ABEHJ=A(4)+B(5)+E(2)+H(7)+J(4)=22

Answer option C is incorrect. ADGJ takes only 15 days to complete; it is not the critical path. ADGJ=A(4)+D(1)+G(6)+J(4)=15

Answer option B is incorrect. ACFIJ takes only 23 days to complete; it is not the critical path. ACFIJ=A(4)+C(8)+F(4)+I(3)+J(4)=23

Risk activities are not part of the schedule data. Risk is documented in the risk register, and monitored and controlled throughout the project. In some instances, risk may be part of the activity attributes. The schedule data includes the schedule milestones, schedule activities, activity attributes, and the assumptions and constraints. The schedule data includes the schedule activities, schedule milestones, activity attributes, and documentation of all known assumptions and constraints. The sum of additional data varies by application area. The schedule data commonly supplied as supporting details includes: Resource requirement by time period, frequently in the category of histogram Alternative schedules, such as best case or worst case, or resource leveled, with or without imposed dates Scheduling of contingency reserves

Answer option D is incorrect. Schedule milestones are part of the schedule data. a

Answer option B is incorrect. Schedule activities are part of the schedule data.

Answer option C is incorrect. Activity attributes are part of the schedule data.

Project Integration Management is one of the nine Project Management Knowledge areas. It comprises the following processes:

Develop Project Charter

Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement

Develop Project Management Plan

Direct and Manage Project Execution

Monitor and Control Project Work

Integrated Change Control

Close Project

These processes occur throughout the project and are repeated quite often during the working of the project. They ensure that the various elements of the project are properly coordinated. What are the Project Management Knowledge Areas? The Project Management Knowledge Areas are groupings that bring together processes that have things in common. For example, Resource Planning, Cost Estimating, Cost Budgeting, etc., are part of the Project Cost Management knowledge group. These processes may or may not be part of different or same process groups. Guide to the PMBOK identifies forty- two processes that are arranged in nine knowledge areas. The knowledge areas are as follows:

Project Integration Management

Project Scope Management

Project Time Management

Project Cost Management

Project Quality Management

Project Human Resource Management

Project Communications Management

Project Risk Management

Project Procurement Management

Answer option A is incorrect. Quality Assurance is a part of the Project Quality Management knowledge area.

If Activity B uses seven days of float, which it can, it does not allow Activity D, G, or J to have any float available. This is because the total duration of path ABDGJK cannot exceed 30 days, the duration of the project. If Activity B uses the seven days of float, then the path meets the project ' s duration at Day 30.

Answer options B and A are incorrect. These are not the valid calculation.

Answer option C is incorrect. Seven represents the amount of float available on Activity G before Activity B uses the available float.

A schedule variance is found by subtracting the planned value from the earned value. A -$37,500 schedule variance is considerable for most projects, but combined with a schedule that is six percent off schedule is more serious. The size of the project, however, and the defined project budget, needs to be determined to evaluate how serious the variance is. Schedule variance (SV) is a measure of schedule performance on a project. The variance notifies that the schedule is ahead or behind what was planned for this period in time. The schedule variance is calculated based on the following formula: SV = Earned Value (EV) - Planned Value (PV) If the resulting schedule is negative, it indicates that the project is behind schedule. A value greater than 0 shows that the project is ahead of the planned schedule. A value of 0 indicates that the project is right on target.

Answer option B is incorrect. This project is not performing well based on the given information.

Answer option A is incorrect. This project is likely to be late, but we do not know how costs are performing in this question.

Answer option C is incorrect. There is not enough information to determine how well the project is performing from this answer.

When project team workers complete repetitive tasks, efficiency through learning will diminish the overall duration of the project tasks. A parametric estimate is an estimate that uses a parameter to predict the costs of the project, such as cost per network drop or cost per software license. Parametric estimating technique utilizes the statistical relationship that exists between a series of historical data and a particular delineated list of other variables.

Answer options B, D, and C are incorrect. These are not the valid statements.

According to the question, you have to use the estimating technique that has a higher degree of accuracy. The most accurate estimating technique is bottom-up estimating. What is bottom-up estimating? Bottom-up is a cost estimating technique that involves estimating the cost of individual work packages or schedule activities with the lowest level of detail. The detailed cost is rolled up (or summarized) to higher levels for total project estimates. This summarized data is very useful for reporting and tracking purposes. Bottom-up estimating provides a higher degree of accuracy, provided the estimates at the work package level are accurate.

Answer options C, A, and B are incorrect. Parametric modeling and analogous estimating techniques use top-down estimation model. These are less accurate than the bottom-up estimation. What is analogous estimating? Analogous is an estimating technique that uses the values of parameter, such as scope, cost, budget, and duration or measures of scale such as size, weight, and complexity from a previous, similar activity as the basis for estimation of the same parameter for a future activity. It is a top-down estimating technique and is a form of expert judgment. It provides a lower degree of accuracy than other estimating techniques. This technique is primarily used when there is a limited amount of detailed information about the project or program. What is parametric modeling? Parametric modeling is an estimating technique that uses parameters, or project characteristics, to forecast project costs. It involves a top-down approach and is similar but more accurate than analogous estimating. It uses historical data and other variables to calculate an estimate for activity parameters, such as scope, cost, budget, and duration.

Cost performance index (CPI) is used to calculate performance efficiencies. It is used in trend analysis to predict future performance. CPI is the ratio of earned value to actual cost. The CPI is calculated based on the following formula: CPI = Earned Value (EV) / Actual Cost (AC) If the CPI value is greater than 1, it indicates better than expected performance, whereas if the value is less than 1, it shows poor performance. The CPI value of 1 indicates that the project is right on target. In this instance it ' s $350,000 divided by $425,000 for a CPI of .82.

Answer option B is incorrect. $350,000 is the earned value of the project.

Answer option A is incorrect. -$75,000 is the cost variance for the project.

Answer option D is incorrect. -$187,500 is the predicted variance at the completion of the project.

The application area is defined as a type of project that comprises common components important in such projects, but are not required or present in all projects. The application area is defined in terms of either the product or the type of customer or industry sector.

The planned value is forty-five percent of the project ' s BAC, or $1,055,543. Planned value (PV) is the authorized budget assigned to the schedule work to be accomplished for a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component. It serves as a baseline against which actual performance is measured. The theory of planned value is of vital importance to the project management team and it is important to keep careful track of this. The term planned value can also be in some situations referred to by the project management team and the project management team leader as the budgeted cost of work scheduled (BCWS).

Answer option D is incorrect. $938,260 is the project ' s earned value.

Answer option A is incorrect. $950,000 is the project ' s actual costs.

Answer option B is incorrect. $2,375,000 is the project ' s estimate at completion.

The finish-to-start relationship type is the most common in a project network diagram. It means that the predecessor activity must finish before its successor activity can start. For example, the carpet must be installed before the painting activity can begin. What is precedence diagramming method (PDM) in sequence activities? Precedence diagramming method (PDM) is used in critical path methodology for building a project schedule network diagram that uses boxes or rectangles, referred to as nodes, to represent activities, and join each other with arrows that show the logical relationship that exists between them. This technique is also known as Activity-On-Node (AON).It includes four types of dependencies or logical relationships: Finish-to-start(FS): The initiation of the successor activity depends upon the completion of the predecessor activity. Finish-to-finish(FF): The completion of the successor activity depends upon the completion of the predecessor activity. Start-to-start(SS): The initiation of the successor activity depends upon the initiation of the predecessor activity. Start-to-finish(SF): The completion of the successor activity depends upon the initiation of the predecessor activity.

A scheduling tool consists of the schedule components and the rules for connecting and using the components to characterize the process for completing a project. It is used to gather the schedule model and provide the means of adjusting various parameters and components that are typical in a modeling process.

Crashing adds project resources and usually increases costs - though it may also increase some project risks. Crashing is a schedule compression technique to obtain the greatest amount of compression for the least incremental cost. Crashing works for activities where additional resources will shorten the duration. Approving overtime, bringing in additional resources, paying to expedite delivery to activities on the critical path are examples of crashing.

Answer option D is incorrect. Crashing does not always increase project risks.

Answer option C is incorrect. Crashing does not restrict resource utilization - that is resource leveling.

Answer option B is incorrect. This is not a valid definition or description to crashing the project.

The estimate to complete wants to know how much more money the project will need to complete its objectives. The estimate to complete (ETC) is the expected cost needed to complete all the remaining work for a scheduled activity, a group of activities, or the project. ETC helps project managers predict what the final cost of the project will be upon completion. The formula for the ETC is EAC- AC. The EAC is BAC/CPI.

Answer option A is incorrect. This is the estimate at completion based on the current project performance.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is the current schedule variance.

Answer option B is incorrect. 1.02 is the to-complete performance index based on the BAC.

According to the question, the schedule variance (SV) of the project is 25, which is a positive value. The positive SV depicts that the project is ahead of the planned schedule. What is SV? Schedule variance (SV) is a measure of schedule performance on a project. The variance notifies that the schedule is ahead or behind what was planned for this period in time. The schedule variance is calculated based on the following formula: SV = Earned Value (EV) - Planned Value (PV) If the resulting schedule is negative, it indicates that the project is behind schedule. A value greater than 0 shows that the project is ahead of the planned schedule. A value of 0 indicates that the project is right on target.

Answer option A is incorrect. The negative SV means that project is behind the schedule.

Answer option C is incorrect. The zero SV means that project is right on target.

Answer option B is incorrect. This result can be drawn by looking at the cost variance (CV) of the project. What is CV? Cost variance (CV) is a measure of cost performance on a project. The variance notifies if costs are higher than budgeted or lower than budgeted. The cost variance is calculated based on the following formula: CV = Earned Value (EV) - Actual Cost (AC) A positive value means that spending is less than budgeted, whereas a negative value indicates that costs are higher than originally planned for the project.

A performance report is needed to communicate the variance between planned work and actual work. A performance report is made by the project team detailing activities, milestones, problems, accomplishments, and identified issues. Performance reports are used to report some key information as follows: Current status Scheduled activities Significant accomplishment for the period Forecasts Issues

Answer option A is incorrect. An issue report is not the best answer for this scenario. Issues are recorded in the issue log and an issue owner is assigned.

Answer option B is incorrect. An exceptions report is a tempting answer as this is an exception to the project. PMI does not use this terminology.

Answer option C is incorrect. Variance analysis is the activity of reviewing the variance to determine why it exists.

The schedule management plan is the intent of the project manager. It defines how the schedule will be managed and controlled. The schedule baseline is a benchmarking tool to compare actual results against the planned results.

Answer options C, D, and B are incorrect. These are not valid definitions of the schedule management plan and the schedule baseline.

Fast tracking allows phases of the project to overlap and increases risk for the project. When new risks are introduced into the project they should be recorded in the risk register. Risk register is a document that contains the results of the qualitative risk analysis, quantitative risk analysis, and risk response planning. Description, category, cause, probability of occurring, impact on objectives, proposed responses, owner, and the current status of all identified risks are put in the risk register.

Answer option B is incorrect. The costs do not change because of the new fast tracking requirement.

Answer option C is incorrect. Resource calendars show the availability of project resources.

Answer option A is incorrect. Organizational process assets are updated as a result of updating the risk register when you consider that the risk register will become part of the organizational process assets. However, this is not the best answer for this question.

The various techniques of group decision making are as follows: Unanimity: In this technique, everyone agrees on a single course of action. Majority: In this technique, more than 50% of the members of the group support the decisions. Plurality: In this technique, the largest block in a group decides even if a bulk is not achieved. Dictatorship: In this technique, one individual makes the decision for the group.

Rolling wave planning is a technique to plan and do the most imminent project work before moving onto the details that are far off in the project schedule and project plan. Rolling wave planning is a technique for performing progressive elaboration planning where the work to be accomplished in the near future is planned in detail at a low level of the work breakdown structure. The work to be performed within another one or two reporting periods in the near future is planned in detail as work is being completed during the current period.

Answer options B and A are incorrect. These are not valid project management terms.

Answer option D is incorrect. Decomposition is the process of breaking down work packages into the activity list.

The project charter is an input to the identify stakeholder process. It provides information about the internal and external parties concerned and is affected by the project. The project charter is the document that formally authorizes a project. The project charter provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities. According to PMBOK Guide, the project charter should address the following information:

Requirements that satisfy customer, sponsor, and other stakeholder needs, wants and expectations Business needs, high-level project description, or product requirements that the project is undertaken to address

Project purpose or justification

Assigned Project Manager and authority level

Summary milestone schedule

Stakeholder influences

Functional organizations and their participation

Organizational, environmental and external assumptions

Organizational, environmental and external constraints

Business case justifying the project, including return on investment

Summary budget

If required, it also authorizes the next project phase, and updates the charter. The project manager should always be assigned prior to the start of planning, and preferably while the project charter is being developed.

Answer option A is incorrect. Expert judgment is a technique based on a set of criteria that has been acquired in a specific knowledge area or product area. It is obtained when the project manager or project team requires specialized knowledge that they do not possess. Expert judgment involves people most familiar with the work of creating estimates. Preferably, the project team member who will be doing the task should complete the estimates. Expert judgment is applied when performing administrative closure activities, and experts should ensure the project or phase closure is performed to the appropriate standards.

Answer option C is incorrect. Stakeholder analysis is the identification of stakeholder needs, wants and expectations. It involves the documentation, prioritization, and quantification of the needs to help define the project scope. Stakeholders ' interests may be positively or negatively affected by execution or completion of the project and they may also exert influence over the project and its deliverables.

Answer option D is incorrect. The stakeholder register is a project management document that contains a list of the stakeholders associated with the project. It assesses how they are involved in the project and identifies what role they play in the organization. The information in this document can be very perceptive and is meant for limited exchange only. It also contains relevant information about the stakeholders, such as their requirements, expectations, and influence on the project.

The various phases of the decision making process are as follows: Problem definition: This phase explores, clarifies and defines the problem. Problem solution generation: This phase draws out the new idea generating process by brainstorming multiple solutions and rejecting premature decisions. Ideas to action: This phase defines the evaluation criteria, rate pros and cons of alternatives and helps in selecting the best solution. Solution action planning: This phase involves key participants to gain acceptance and commitment to make the solution work. Solution evaluation planning: This phase performs the post implementation analysis, evaluations and lessons learned. Evaluation of the outcome and process: This phase evaluates how well the problem was solved or project goals were achieved.

The schedule variance is found by subtracting the planned value from the earned value. The earned value is the percentage of the project completeness multiplied by the BAC. Planned value is the percetage of where the project should be at this time multiplied by the BAC. Schedule variance (SV) is a measure of schedule performance on a project. The variance notifies that the schedule is ahead or behind what was planned for this period in time. The schedule variance is calculated based on the following formula:

SV = Earned Value (EV) - Planned Value (PV)

If the resulting schedule is negative, it indicates that the project is behind schedule. A value greater than 0 shows that the project is ahead of the planned schedule. A value of 0 indicates that the project is right on target. In this example,

EV = 40% of BAC

= 300,000, and

PV = 50% of BAC

= 375,000

SV = 300,000 - 375,000

= -75,000

Answer options C, B, and D are incorrect. These are not the correct values for the schedule variance.

The scheduling tool is the only other tool that can help Winnie to create an updated project schedule. The scheduling tool is used in combination with manual methods or further project management software to carry out the schedule network analysis to produce an updated project schedule.

Answer option A is incorrect. The critical path method can be analyzed, but it is a part of the project management information system. In addition, the critical path is not better or worse than the critical chain method so by having both answers among the choices both answers are cancelled.

Answer option D is incorrect. The critical chain method can be analyzed, but it is the part of the project management information system. In addition, the critical path is not better or worse than the critical path method so by having both answers among the choices both answers are cancelled.

Answer option B is incorrect. The schedule management plan may need to be referenced to create a new project schedule, but it is not a tool that Winnie can use.

he schedule variance can be found by subtracting the planned value form the earned value. In this instance, it is $2,025,000 minus $2,250,000. SV = 2,025,000 - 2,250,000 = -225,000 Schedule variance (SV) is a measure of schedule performance on a project. The variance notifies that the schedule is ahead or behind what was planned for this period in time. The schedule variance is calculated based on the following formula: SV = Earned Value (EV) - Planned Value (PV) If the resulting schedule is negative, it indicates that the project is behind schedule. A value greater than 0 shows that the project is ahead of the planned schedule. A value of 0 indicates that the project is right on target.

Answer option A is incorrect. This is the cost variance for the project.

Answer option B is incorrect. 13 percent is not a valid answer.

Answer option D is incorrect. This is not a valid variance for this question; variances are typically negative numbers.

The schedule variance is found by subtracting the planned value from the earned value. The earned value is the percentage of the project completeness multiplied by the BA

C. Planned value is the percentage of where the project should be at this time multiplied by the BA

C. Schedule variance (SV) is a measure of schedule performance on a project. The variance notifies that the schedule is ahead or behind what was planned for this period in time. The schedule variance is calculated based on the following formula: SV = Earned Value (EV) - Planned Value (PV) If the resulting schedule is negative, it indicates that the project is behind schedule. A value greater than 0 shows that the project is ahead of the planned schedule. A value of 0 indicates that the project is right on target. In this example, EV = 40% of BAC = 300,000, and PV = 50% of BAC = 375,000 SV = 300,000 - 375,000 = -75,000

Answer options C, B, and D are incorrect. These are not the correct values for the schedule variance.

If Activity D increases by six days, the duration of the project will not change. There is 11 days of float available for Activity D so it may delay by six days without affecting the project end date. What is float?

Float or total float (TF) is the total amount of time that a schedule activity may be delayed from its early start date without delaying the project finish date, or violating a schedule constraint. It is calculated by using the critical path method technique and determining the difference between the early finish dates and late finish dates.

Answer options A, B, and C are incorrect. These are not valid answers for the question.

An activity is the effort needed to complete a work package. The activities are linked to the work packages in the WBS. An activity is the element of work performed throughout the various stages of a project. It is a group of people, communications, processes, and work items that correspond to a joint effort to achieve a goal. An activity is a way to manage the work collectively with others in any organization. The create WBS process identifies the deliverables at the lowest level in the WBS, called the work package. Project work packages are divided into smaller elements known as activities, which correspond to the work required to complete the work package.

Answer option D is incorrect. This is a definition of all the work that the project team and manager must complete in order to complete the total activity list.

Answer options A and C are incorrect. These are not valid definitions of an activity.

Crashing adds labor to the project. This approach adds costs to the project because you will have to pay for the added labor.

Answer option B is incorrect. Fast tracking allows entire phases to overlap in the project. This approach adds risks to the project.

Answer option D is incorrect. The critical chain method considers the availability of project resources.

Answer option A is incorrect. Adding lead time to activities allows activities to overlap and does not add project costs.

In severe cases, new schedule duration estimates with new forecasted start and finish dates are needed. In these instances, it is an example of using the control schedule process. Control schedule process is a method of monitoring the status of the project to update project progress and deal with the changes to the schedule baseline. It is concerned with: Determining the current status of the project Influencing the factors that create schedule changes Determining that the project schedule has changed Managing the actual changes as they occur Control schedule is a component of the Perform Integration Change Control process.

Answer option B is incorrect. The activity resources would only address the addition or replacement of resources needed to complete the project work.

Answer option A is incorrect. This is a tempting choice, but according to the PMBOK, new schedules are part of the control schedule process.

Answer option D is incorrect. Develop schedule is not the best choice for this question. It is a process of analyzing activity sequences, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create the project schedule.

The cost variance for the project is -$51,000. You can find the cost variance by using the formula earned value minus planned value. In this instance, it is: CV = EV - AC = (0.60* 2,456,900) - 1,525,140 = -51,000

Answer option C is incorrect. -$85,000 is the project ' s variance at completion.

Answer option A is incorrect. $122,845 is the project ' s schedule variance.

Answer option D is incorrect. There is a cost variance on this project of -$51,000.

Soft logic can be completed in any order without affecting the outcome of the deliverables. Soft logic is also known as preferential logic, preferred logic, and discretionary dependency. It is defined on the basis of knowledge of best practices and standard procedures for the particular application area. Soft logic is defined by the project management team based on well- known practices in a specific desired sequence.

Answer options A, D, and C are incorrect. These are not valid definitions of soft logic.

Constructability analysis takes into account the location, logistics, resource availability analysis, the average price of general labor in the area, and labor productivity studies from previous similar projects in the area. Constructability analysis is a process that starts in the initial planning phases and persists all over the entire planning cycle and into the implementation phase of the project. Constructability analysis during the planning process examines the methods and cost of installed equipment and materials, technology, site conditions, resources, and related infrastructure. The benefit of constructability analysis is to reduce both the time and cost of a project. Constructability analysis is repeatedly performed throughout the life-cycle of a project in order to optimize cost, plan, and schedule while mitigating risk. It is a very important process that needs to be performed early in planning to allow alternatives to be considered and integrated into the design.

Answer option A is incorrect. This comes under the quality assurance phase.

Management wants to know the cost performance index (CPI). You can find the CPI by first finding the earned value (EV) and then dividing it by the actual costs (AC) spent to date on the project. You find EV by multiplying percent complete by the project ' s budget; in this instance that ' s $344,250. The actual costs are reported as $365,000. The formula for the CPI on this project is $344,250 / $365,000 for a value of .94. What is CPI? Cost performance index (CPI) is used to calculate performance efficiencies. It is used in trend analysis to predict future performance. CPI is the ratio of earned value to actual cost. The CPI is calculated based on the following formula: CPI = Earned Value (EV) / Actual Cost (AC) If the CPI value is greater than 1, it indicates better than expected performance, whereas if the value is less than 1, it shows poor performance. The CPI value of 1 indicates that the project is right on target. What is BCWP (or EV)? Budgeted cost of work performed (BCWP) or Earned Value (EV) is the value of completed work. It is the budgeted amount for the work actually completed on the schedule activity during a given time period.

Answer options C, A, and D are incorrect. These do not reflect an accurate value for the project ' s cost performance index. The project is performing moderately well on cost as the closer the CPI is to 1 the better the project ' s performance.

The critical path is the path in the project network diagram with the longest duration. In project management, a critical path is the sequence of project network activities which add up to the longest overall duration. This determines the shortest time possible to complete the project. Any delay of an activity on the critical path directly impacts the planned project completion date (i.e. there is no float on the critical path). This project actually has two critical paths. Path ACGIJ takes 23 days. Path ACGHJ also takes 23 days. When Activity I decreases by three days the critical will still take 23 days to complete as Path ACGHJ remains a critical path.

Answer option A is incorrect. The duration of the critical path did not increase.

Answer option D is incorrect. The duration of the path ACGIJ will decrease to 20 days but the critical path will remain at 23 days.

Answer option B is incorrect. The critical path did not reduce to 17 days.

Performance reports are distributed through the push technique. This means that the project manager distributes the reports regularly through a mechanism, such as email.

Answer option C is incorrect. One-to-one technique describes a conversation between two people.

Answer option B is incorrect. Many-to-many technique describes a conversation between many people.

Answer option D is incorrect. A pull technique describes the recipients of the report " pulling " the information, such as from a Website.

Corrective actions should be taken to move the results of the project work back into alignment with the project scope. The project team must start their activities on time and finish on time. A corrective action is a change implemented to address a weakness identified in a management system. Normally corrective actions are implemented in response to a customer complaint, abnormal levels of internal nonconformity, nonconformities identified during an internal audit or adverse or unstable trends in product and process monitoring such as would be identified by SP

C. It is method of identifying and eliminating the causes of a problem, thus preventing their reappearance. Examples of a corrective action are :Improvements to maintenance schedulesImprovements to material handling or storage

Answer option C is incorrect. Management reserve is time and funds allotted for unforeseen issues and risks within the project.

Answer option A is incorrect. Padding each estimate may cause the project to succumb to Parkinson ' s Law: work expands to fill the amount of time allotted to it. In addition, the project team may still delay the start time of their project assignments.

Answer option B is incorrect. Disciplining the project team may be a good option if the problem continues. The best option is to first apply corrective actions.

According to the PMBOK, Gina will not need the WBS directly, but will rely on the scope baseline. A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) in project management is a tool that defines a project and groups the project ' s discrete work elements in a way that helps organize and define the total work scope of the project. A WBS element may be a product, data, a service, or any combination. WBS also provides the necessary framework for detailed cost estimating and control along with providing guidance for schedule development and control.

Answer option A is incorrect. The scope baseline is an input to define the project activities.

Answer option D is incorrect. Enterprise environmental factors are an input to define the project activities.

Answer option B is incorrect. Organizational process assets are an input to define the project activities.

The path of ABEHJ will take 22 days to complete and cannot exceed 28 days or else the project will be late. If Activity B takes four additional days and Activity E takes two additional days, this adds (4+2= 6) six days to the path, bringing the path ' s duration to exactly (22+6 = 28) days. There is no available float left for Activity D or H. Float or total float (TF) is the total amount of time that a schedule activity may be delayed from its early start date without delaying the project finish date, or violating a schedule constraint. It is calculated by using the critical path method technique and determining the difference between the early finish dates and late finish dates.

Answer options B, C, and D are incorrect. There is no float available because the path ' s duration has increased to 28 days.

Conformance to schedule is a required adherence for the project ' s schedule. In this instance, the project manager must not allow the schedule to slip more than five percent.

Answer option B is incorrect. This is the description of the schedule performance index.

Answer option D is incorrect. This is the description of the cost performance index.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is not a valid statement about the project performance.

Rolling wave planning is a technique to plan and do the most imminent project work before moving onto the details that are far off in the project schedule and project plan. Rolling wave planning is a technique for performing progressive elaboration planning where the work to be accomplished in the near future is planned in detail at a low level of the work breakdown structure. The work to be performed within another one or two reporting periods in the near future is planned in detail as work is being completed during the current period.

Answer option D is incorrect. Decomposition is the process of breaking down work packages into the activity list.

Answer options A and C are incorrect. These are not valid project management terms.

Resource leveling is a rule of limiting the total number of hours a project team may work during a given time period in the project. If management restricts the project work to 45 per week, as in this example, Holly ' s schedule will likely increase because the project team can ' t complete as much work in one given time period.While this may be seen as a constraint, because it limits Holly ' s options, it ' s technically called a resource leveling heuristic.

Answer option B is incorrect. It is an assumption that ' s believed to be true, but it hasn ' t been proven to be true.

Answer option C is incorrect. Execution variance analysis describes the difference between what was planned and what was executed. A better term for this experience would simply be a scope variance, scope change, or defect.

Templates are used to identify the typical schedule milestones in the Define Activity process. The tools and techniques used in defining the activity process are as follows: Decomposition: It is used to further divide the project work package into a more smaller and convenient form called activities. Rolling Wave Planning: It is a form of progressive elaboration planning where the work to be accomplished in the near term is planned in detail and future work is planned at a higher level of WBS. Templates: It is an activity list or a part of the activity list taken from the previous project and used in a new project. Expert Judgement: The skilled members in a project team or other experts who develop project scope statements can help provide knowledge in defining activities.

The consultant is an example of expert judgment, as he is helping you and the project team to create the project elements. Expert judgment is a technique based on a set of criteria that has been acquired in a specific knowledge area or product area. It is obtained when the project manager or project team requires specialized knowledge that they do not possess. Expert judgment involves people most familiar with the work of creating estimates. Preferably, the project team member who will be doing the task should complete the estimates. Expert judgment is applied when performing administrative closure activities, and experts should ensure the project or phase closure is performed to the appropriate standards.

Answer option A is incorrect. The consultant may be considered a direct expense because the fees can only be assigned to your project work, but this is not the best choice for the question.

Answer option B is incorrect. An external requirement is not a valid choice for this question.

Answer option C is incorrect. A temporary resource is not a valid project management term.

Because the activities in Beth ' s project require Tim and his skills. This is an example of an activity resource requirement. A resource constraint would also have been an acceptable answer.

Answer option B is incorrect. This may be a matrix organization, but matrix network is not a valid project management term.

Answer option C is incorrect. Organizational process assets are things that have been created to help assist the management of the project.

Answer option A is incorrect. A resource calendar conflict is not a valid project management term.

The risk owner is the individual on the project team that is closest to the risk event. The risk owner can be an individual or an organization responsible for implementing risk responses or contingency plan. The risk owner should be empowered with the ability to respond to the risk as it was planned.

Answer option A is incorrect. Diane is the project manager and likely won ' t be the risk owner as well.

Answer option B is incorrect. The project sponsor authorizes the project but does not participate in the execution of the project.

Answer option D is incorrect. While a subject matter expert may be the risk owner on some occasions, he won ' t be the risk owner on every occasion.

A corrective action is a change implemented to address a weakness identified in a management system. Normally corrective actions are implemented in response to a customer complaint, abnormal levels of internal nonconformity, nonconformities identified during an internal audit or adverse or unstable trends in product and process monitoring such as would be identified by SP

C. It is method of identifying and eliminating the causes of a problem, thus preventing their reappearance. Examples of a corrective action are : Improvements to maintenance schedules Improvements to material handling or storage

Answer option A is incorrect. Lessons learned is a documentation of the errors and how they were resolved, not a method to prevent the errors from occurring again.

Answer option C is incorrect. Preventive action addresses any action or act in which the project management team and the team leader provide documented direction to carry out an activity that is meant to decrease the possibility of negative consequences related to project risk.

Answer option B is incorrect. Risk analysis examines the risk events, its probability, and its impact on the project.

Apportioned effort is effort applied that you cannot subdivide into work packages, but it is related to, usually in a supportive role, to the completion of the project work packages. The project management overhead, such managing the project work, is an example of apportioned effort. Apportioned effort (AE) is the effort that is applied to the project-related work that cannot be easily and readily divided into discrete efforts for those tasks, but which is associated in a direct proportion to the discrete work efforts that are capable of being measured. The presence of apportioned effort relies particularly on the performance of further efforts.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is an example of discrete effort.

Answer option A is incorrect. This is an example of a scope change that has not been approved.

Answer option D is incorrect. This is an example of a scheduling technique.

An analogous estimate is a form of expert judgment because it relies on historical information. The historical information, assuming that it is accurate, serves as the conduit to the expert that created the historical information.

Answer option C is incorrect. A bottom-up estimate creates an activity duration estimate for each work package in the WBS.

Answer option A is incorrect. Parametric estimating uses a parameter, such as 10 hours per fixture installation, as a base to predict the duration of the project.

Answer option D is incorrect. A definitive estimate, also known as a bottom-up estimate, accounts for the cost of each work package.

The best answer is simply an exception report. An exception report refers and documents the major mistakes, mishaps, and goofs. In other words, it itemizes the important and critically significant piece of documentation that is vital to the proper and effective functioning of a project. It does not document what has gone right, but rather documents what has gone wrong.

Answer option C is incorrect. A performance management report is not a valid project management report.

Answer option A is incorrect. The question is asked about cost and schedule so this answer would not be appropriate for both the cost and the schedule.

Answer option D is incorrect. The question is asked about cost and schedule so this answer would not be appropriate for both the cost and the schedule.