RH202 RHCT (Redhat Certified Technician) RH202 Questions and Answers

Create one partitions having size 100MB and mount it on /data.

Answer and Explanation:

Use fdisk /dev/hda  To create new partition.

Type n  For New partitions

It will ask for Logical or Primary Partitions. Press l for logical.

It will ask for the Starting Cylinder: Use the Default by pressing Enter Key.

Type the Size: +100M  You can Specify either Last cylinder of Size here.

Press P to verify the partitions lists and remember the partitions name.

Press w to write on partitions table.

Either Reboot or use partprobe command.

Use mkfs –t ext3 /dev/hda?

Or

mke2fs –j /dev/hda?  To create ext3 filesystem.

vi /etc/fstab

Write:

/dev/hda? /data ext3 defaults 1 2

11. Verify by mounting on current Sessions also:

mount /dev/hda? /data

Change the root Password to redtophat

Answer and Explanation:

Boot the system in Single user mode

Use the passwd command

Set the Hostname station?.example.com where ? is your Host IP Address.

Answer and Explanation:

hostname station?.example.com  This will set the host name only for current session. To set hostname permanently.

vi /etc/sysconfig/network

HOSTNAME=station?.example.com

service network restart

Some users home directory is shared from your system. Using showmount –e localhost command, the shared directory is not shown. Make access the shared users home directory.

Answer and Explanation:

1. Verify the File whether Shared or not ? : cat /etc/exports

2. Start the nfs service: service nfs start

3. Start the portmap service: service portmap start

4. Make automatically start the nfs service on next reboot: chkconfig nfs on

5. Make automatically start the portmap service on next reboot: chkconfig portmap on

6. Verify either sharing or not: showmount –e localhost

7. Check that default firewall is running on system ? if running flush the iptables using iptables –F and stop the iptables service.

Raw (Model) printer named printer1 is installed and shared on 192.168.0.254. You should install the shared printer on your PC to connect shared printer using IPP Protocols.

Answer and Explanation:

IPP( Internet Printing Protocol), allows administrator to manage printer through browser so CUPS is called Internet Printing Protocol based on HTTP. We can Install the printer either through: system-confing-printer tool or through Browser.

1. Open the browser and Type on address: http://localhost:631  CUPS (Common Unix Printing System) used the IPP protocol. CUPS use the 631 port.

2. Click on Manage Printer.

3. Click on Add Printer.

4. Type Printer name, Location, Description.

5. Select Device for bb. (Select IPP).

6. Device URL: ipp://192.168.0.254/ipp/ queue name  Same printer name of shared printer.

7. Select Model/Driver RAW printer.

8. service cups restart

There is a NFS server 192.168.0.254 and all required packages are dumped in /var/ftp/pub of that server and the /var/ftp/pub directory is shared. Install the Redhat Enterprise Linux 5 by creating following partitions:

/ 1000

/boot 200

/home 1000

/var 1000

/usr 4000

swap 2X256 (RAM SIZE)

Answer and Explanation:

Note: Examiner will provide you the Installation startup CD. And here mentioned size may vary see on the exam paper.

1. Insert the CD on CD-ROM and start the system.

2. In Boot: Prompt type linux askmethod

3. It will display the language, keyboard selection.

4. It will ask you for the installation method.

5. Select the NFS Image from the list

6. It will ask the IP Address, Net mask, Gateway and Name Server. Select Use

Dynamic IP Configuration: because DHCP Server will be configured in your exam lab.

7. It will ask for the NFS Server Name and Redhat Enterprise Linux Directory.

Specify the NFS Server: 192.168.0.254

Directory: /var/ftp/pub

8. After Connecting to the NFS Server Installation start in GUI. Go up to the partition screen by selecting the different Options.

9. Create the partition According to the Question because Size and what-what partition should you create at installation time is specified in your question

10. Then select the MBR Options, time zone and go upto package selections.

It is another Most Important Time of installation. Due to the time limit, you should care about the installation packages. At Exam time you these packages are enough.

X-Window System

GNOME Desktop

(these two packages are generally not required)

Administration Tools.

System Tools

Windows File Server

FTP Servers

Mail Servers

Web Servers

Network Servers

Editors

Text Based Internet

Server Configuration Tools

Printing Supports

When installation will complete, your system will reboot. Jump for another Question.

Create the directory /storage and group owner should be the sysusers group.

Answer and Explanation:

1. chgrp sysusers /storage

2. Verify using ls -ld /storage command. You should get like

drwxr-x--- 2 root sysusers 4096 Mar 16 17:59 /storage

chgrp command is used to change the group ownership of particular files or directory.

Another way you can use the chown command.

chown root:sysusers /storage

There are Mail servers, Web Servers, DNS Servers and Log Server. Log Server is already configured. You should configure the mail server, web server and dns server to send the logs to log server.

Answer and Explanation:

According to question, log server is already configured. We have to configure the mail, web and dns server for log redirection.

In mail, web and dns server:

1. vi /etc/syslog.conf

mail.* @logserveraddress

2. service syslog restart

mail is the facility and * means the priority. It sends logs of mail services into log server.

Install the dialog-*

Answer and Explanation:

Questions asking you to install the dialog package from the server. In your Lab FTP server as well as NFS server are configured. You can install either through FTP or NFS.

1. Just Login to server1.example.com through FTP: ftp server1.example.com

2. Enter to pub directory: cd pub

3. Enter to RedHat/RPMS: cd RedHat/RPMS

4. Download the Package: mget dialog-*

5. Logout from the FTP server: bye

6. Install the package: rpm -ivh dialog-*

7. Verify the package either installed or not: rpm -q dialog

Install the Cron Schedule for jeff user to display “Hello” on daily 5:30.

Answer and Explanation:

Login as a root user

cat > schedule.txt

30 05 * * * /bin/echo “Hello”

3. crontab –u jeff schedule.txt

4. service crond restart

The cron system is essentially a smart alarm clock. When the alarm sounds, Linux runs the commands of your choice automatically. You can set the alarm clock to run at all sorts of regular time intervals. Alternatively, the at system allows you to run the command of your choice once, at a specified time in the future.

Red Hat configured the cron daemon, crond. By default, it checks a series of directories for jobs to run, every minute of every hour of every day. The crond checks the /var/spool/cron directory for jobs by user. It also checks for scheduled jobs for the computer under /etc/crontab and in the /etc/cron.d directory.

Here is the format of a line in crontab. Each of these columns is explained in more detail:

#minute, hour, day of month, month, day of week, command

*        *     *             *      *            command

Entries in a crontab Command Line

Field

Value

Minute

0-59

Hour

Based on a 24-hour clock; for example, 23 = 11 p.m.

Day of month

1-31

Month

1-12, or jan, feb, mar, etc.

Day of week

0-7; where 0 and 7 are both Sunday; or sun, mon, tue, etc.

Command

The command you want to run

We are working on /data initially the size is 2GB. The /dev/test0/lvtestvolume is mount on /data. Now you required more space on /data but you already added all disks belong to physical volume. You saw that you have unallocated space around 5 GB on your harddisk. Increase the size of lvtestvolume by 5GB.

Answer and Explanation: .

1. Create a partition having size 5 GB and change the syste id ‘8e’.

2. use partprobe command

3. pvcreate /dev/hda9  Suppose your partition number is hda9.

4. vgextend test0 /dev/hda9  vgextend command add the physical disk on volume group.

5. lvextend –L+5120M /dev/test0/lvtestvolume

6. verify using lvdisplay /dev/test0/lvtestvolume.

Create the user named jackie, curtin, david

Answer and Explanation:

1. useradd jackie

2. useradd curtin

3. useradd david

useradd command is used to create the user. All user’s information stores in /etc/passwd and user;s shadow password stores in /etc/shadow.

There is a HTTP server 192.168.0.254 and all required packages are dumped in /var/www/html/rhel5 of that server. Install the Redhat Enterprise Linux 5 by creating following partitions:

/ 1000

/boot 200

/home 1000

/var 1000

/usr 4000

swap 2X256 (RAM SIZE)

Answer and Explanation:

Note: Examiner will provide you the Installation startup CD. And here mentioned size may vary see on the exam paper.

1. Insert the CD on CD-ROM and start the system.

2. In Boot: Prompt type linux askmethod

3. It will display the Language, keyboard selection.

4. It will ask you for the installation method.

5. Select the HTTP from the list

6. It will ask the IP Address, Net mask, Gateway and Name Server. Select Use

Dynamic IP Configuration: because DHCP Server will be configured in your exam lab.

7. It will ask for the Web site name and Redhat Enterprise Linux Directory.

Specify the HTTP Server: 192.168.0.254

Directory: rhel 5  Because Default Directory for http is /var/www/html

8. After Connecting to the HTTP Server Installation start. Go upto the partition screen by selecting the different Options.

9. Create the partition According to the Question because Size and what-what partition should you create at installation time is specified in your question

10. Then select the MBR Options, time zone and go upto package selections.

It is another Most Important Time of installation. Due to the time limit, you should be

care about the installation packages. At Exam time you these packages are enough.

X-Window System

GNOME Desktop

(these two packages are generally not required)

Administration Tools.

System Tools

Windows File Server

FTP Servers

Mail Servers

Web Servers

Network Servers

Editors

Text Based Internet

Server Configuration Tools

Printing Supports

When installation will complete, your system will reboot. Jump for another Question.

Who ever creates the files/directories on /storage group owner should be automatically should be the same group owner of /storage.

Answer and Explanation:

1. chmod g+s /storage

2. Verify using: ls -ld /storage

Permission should be like:

drwxrws--- 2 root sysusers 4096 Mar 16 18:08 /storage

If SGID bit is set on directory then who every users creates the files on directory group owner automatically the owner of parent directory.

To set the SGID bit: chmod g+s directory

To Remove the SGID bit: chmod g-s directory

Create the directory /archive and group owner should be the sysuser group.

Answer and Explanation:

1. chgrp sysuser /archive

2. Verify using ls -ld /archive command. You should get like

drwxr-x--- 2 root sysadmin 4096 Mar 16 17:59 /archive

chgrp command is used to change the group ownership of particular files or directory.

Another way you can use the chown command.

chown root:sysuser /archive

Install the Redhat Linux RHEL 5 through NFS. Where your Server is server1.example.com having IP 172.24.254.254 and shared /var/ftp/pub. The size of the partitions are listed below:

/  1048

/home  1028

/boot  512

/var  1028

/usr  2048

Swap - > 1.5 of RAM Size

/ storage  configure the RAID Level 0 of remaining all free space.

After completing the installation through NFS solve the following questions. There are two networks 172.24.0.0/16 and 172.25.0.0/16. As well as there are two domains example.com on 172.24.0.0/16 network and my133t.org on 172.25.0.0/16 network. Your system is based on example.com domain. SELinux should be in enforce mode.

Answer and Explanation:

1. Insert the CD on CD-ROM and start the system.

2. In Boot: Prompt type linux askmethod

3. It will display the language, keyboard selection.

4. It will ask you for the installation method.

5. Select the NFS Image from the list

6. It will ask the IP Address, Net mask, Gateway and Name Server. Select Use

Dynamic IP Configuration: because DHCP Server will be configured in your exam lab.

7. It will ask for the NFS Server Name and Redhat Enterprise Linux Directory.

Specify the NFS Server: 172.24.254.254

Directory: /var/ftp/pub

8. After Connecting to the NFS Server Installation start in GUI. Go up to the partition screen by selecting the different Options.

9. Create the partition According to the Question because Size and what-what partition should you create at installation time is specified in your question

10. Create the two RAID partitions having equal size of remaining all free space.

11. Click on RAID button

12. Type mount point /data

13. Select RAID Level 0

14. Click on ok

15. Then select the MBR Options, time zone and go upto package selections.

It is another Most Important Time of installation. Due to the time limit, you should care about the installation packages. At Exam time you these packages are enough.

X-Window System

GNOME Desktop

(these two packages are generally not required)

Administration Tools.

System Tools

Windows File Server

FTP Servers

Mail Servers

Web Servers

Network Servers

Editors

Text Based Internet

Server Configuration Tools

Base

Printing Supports

When installation will complete, your system will reboot. Jump for another Question.

Install the Redhat Linux RHEL 5 through NFS. Where your Server is server1.example.com having IP 172.24.254.254 and shared /var/ftp/pub. The size of the partitions are listed below:

/  1048

/home  1028

/boot  512

/var  1028

/usr  2048

Swap - > 1.5 of RAM Size

/data  configure the RAID Level 0 of remaining all free space.

After completing the installation through NFS solve the following questions. There are two networks 172.24.0.0/16 and 172.25.0.0/16. As well as there are two domains example.com on 172.24.0.0/16 network and cracker.org on 172.25.0.0/16 network. Your system is based on example.com domain. SELinux should be in enforcing mode.

Answer and Explanation:

1. Insert the CD on CD-ROM and start the system.

2. In Boot: Prompt type linux askmethod

3. It will display the language, keyboard selection.

4. It will ask you for the installation method.

5. Select the NFS Image from the list

6. It will ask the IP Address, Net mask, Gateway and Name Server. Select Use

Dynamic IP Configuration: because DHCP Server will be configured in your exam lab.

7. It will ask for the NFS Server Name and Redhat Enterprise Linux Directory.

Specify the NFS Server: 172.24.254.254

Directory: /var/ftp/pub

8. After Connecting to the NFS Server Installation start in GUI. Go up to the partition screen by selecting the different Options.

9. Create the partition According to the Question because Size and what-what partition should you create at installation time is specified in your question

10. Create the two RAID partitions having equal size of remaining all free space.

11. Click on RAID button

12. Type mount point /data

13. Select RAID Level 0

14. Click on ok

15. Then select the MBR Options, time zone and go upto package selections.

It is another Most Important Time of installation. Due to the time limit, you should care about the installation packages. At Exam time you these packages are enough.

X-Window System

GNOME Desktop

(these two packages are generally not required)

Administration Tools.

System Tools

Windows File Server

FTP Servers

Mail Servers

Web Servers

Network Servers

Editors

Text Based Internet

Server Configuration Tools

Printing Supports

When installation will complete, your system will reboot. Jump for another Question.

Change the Group Owner of /data to training group.

Answer and Explanation:

chown or chgrp command is used to change the ownership.

Syntax of chown: chown [-R] username:groupname file/directory

Syntax of chgrp: chgrp [-R] groupname file/directory

Whenever user creates the file or directory, the owner of that file/directory automatically will be that user and that user’s primary group name.

To change group owner ship

chgrp training /data  Which set the Group Ownership to training

or

chown root.training /data  Which set the user owner to root and group owner to training group.

Verify /data using: ls -ld /data

You will get: drwxr-xr-x 2 root training …………..

You are new System Administrator and from now you are going to handle the system and your main task is Network monitoring, Backup and Restore. But you don’t know the root password. Change the root password to redhat and login in default Runlevel.

Answer and Explanation:

When you Boot the System, it starts on default Runlevel specified in /etc/inittab:

Id:?:initdefault:

When System Successfully boot, it will ask for username and password. But you don’t know the root’s password. To change the root password you need to boot the system into single user mode. You can pass the kernel arguments from the boot loader.

Restart the System.

You will get the boot loader GRUB screen.

Press a and type 1 or s for single mode

ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb queit s

System will boot on Single User mode.

Use passwd command to change.

Press ctrl+d

One Logical Volume named lv1 is created under vg0. The Initial Size of that Logical Volume is 100MB. Now you required the size 500MB. Make successfully the size of that Logical Volume 500M without losing any data. As well as size should be increased online.

Answer and Explanation:

The LVM system organizes hard disks into Logical Volume (LV) groups. Essentially, physical hard disk partitions (or possibly RAID arrays) are set up in a bunch of equal-sized chunks known as Physical Extents (PE). As there are several other concepts associated with the LVM system, let's start with some basic definitions:

Physical Volume (PV) is the standard partition that you add to the LVM mix. Normally, a physical volume is a standard primary or logical partition. It can also be a RAID array.

Physical Extent (PE) is a chunk of disk space. Every PV is divided into a number of equal sized PEs. Every PE in a LV group is the same size. Different LV groups can have different sized PEs.

Logical Extent (LE) is also a chunk of disk space. Every LE is mapped to a specific PE.

Logical Volume (LV) is composed of a group of LEs. You can mount a filesystem such as /home and /var on an LV.

Volume Group (VG) is composed of a group of LVs. It is the organizational group for LVM. Most of the commands that you'll use apply to a specific VG.

1. Verify the size of Logical Volume: lvdisplay /dev/vg0/lv1

2. Verify the Size on mounted directory: df –h or df –h mounted directory name

3. Use : lvextend –L+400M /dev/vg0/lv1

4. ext2online –d /dev/vg0/lv1  to bring extended size online.

5. Again Verify using lvdisplay and df –h command.

neo user tried by:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/neo/somefile bs=1024 count=70

files created successfully. Again neo tried to create file having 70K using following command:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/neo/somefile bs=1024 count=70

But he is unable to create the file. Make the user can create the file less then 70K.

Answer and Explanation:

Very Tricky question from redhat. Actually question is giving scenario to you to implement quota to neo user. You should apply the quota to neo user on /home that neo user shouldn’t occupied space more than 70K.

1. vi /etc/fstab

2. touch /home/aquota.user  Creating blank quota database file.

3. mount -o remount /home  Remounting the /home with updated mount options. You can verify that /home is mounted with usrquota options or not using mount command.

4. quotacheck -u /home  Initialization the quota on /home

5. edquota –u neo /home  Quota Policy editor

See the snapshot

1 Disk quotas for user neo (uid 500):

2 Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard

4 /dev/mapper/vo-myvol 2 30 70 1 0 0

Can you set the hard limit 70 and soft limit as you think like 30.

Your System is going use as a router for 172.24.0.0/16 and 172.25.0.0/16. Enable the IP Forwarding.

echo “1” > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

/proc is the virtual filesystem, containing the information about the running kernel. To change the parameter of running kernel you should modify on /proc. From Next reboot the system, kernel will take the value from /etc/sysctl.conf.

Quota is implemented on /data but not working properly. Find out the

Problem and implement the quota to user1 to have a soft limit 60 inodes

(files) and hard limit of 70 inodes (files).

Answer and Explanation:

Quotas are used to limit a user's or a group of users' ability to consume disk space. This prevents a small group of users from monopolizing disk capacity and potentially interfering with other users or the entire system. Disk quotas are commonly used by ISPs, by Web hosting companies, on FTP sites, and on corporate file servers to ensure continued availability of their systems.

Without quotas, one or more users can upload files on an FTP server to the point of filling a filesystem. Once the affected partition is full, other users are effectively denied upload access to the disk. This is also a reason to mount different filesystem directories on different partitions. For example, if you only had partitions for your root (/) directory and swap space, someone uploading to your computer could fill up all of the space in your root directory (/). Without at least a little free space in the root directory (/), your system could become unstable or even crash.

You have two ways to set quotas for users. You can limit users by inodes or by kilobyte-sized disk blocks. Every Linux file requires an inode. Therefore, you can limit users by the number of files or by absolute space. You can set up different quotas for different filesystems. For example, you can set different quotas for users on the /home and /tmp directories if they are mounted on their own partitions.

Limits on disk blocks restrict the amount of disk space available to a user on your system. Older versions of Red Hat Linux included LinuxConf, which included a graphical tool to configure quotas. As of this writing, Red Hat no longer has a graphical quota configuration tool. Today, you can configure quotas on RHEL only through the command line interface.

1. vi /etc/fstab

/dev/hda11 /data ext3 defaults,usrquota 1 2

2. Either Reboot the System or remount the partition.

Mount –o remount /dev/hda11 /data

3. touch /data/aquota.user

4. quotacheck –ufm /data

5. quotaon -u /data

6. edquota –u user1 /data

and Specified the Soft limit and hard limit on opened file.

To verify either quota is working or not:

Soft limit specify the limit to generate warnings to users and hard limit can’t cross by the user. Use the quota command or repquota command to monitor the quota information.

Your system is giving error while booting on Runlevel 5 . Make successfully boot your system in runlevel 5.

Answer and Explanation: While you load the X Window System, you will get the problem. To troubleshoot follow the following steps:

1. Check the /tmp is full ?

2. Check your quota, hard limit is already crossed ?

3. Check xfs service is running ?

4. Configure the Video card, Resolution, monitor type using: system-config-display (Most Probably in Redhat exam)

5. Edit the /etc/inittab to set default runlevel 5.

id:5:initdefault:

You Completely Install the Redhat Enterprise Linux ES 4 on your System. While start the system, it’s giving error to load X window System. How will you fix that problem and make boot successfully run X Window System.

Answer and Explanation:

Think while Problems occurred on booting System on Runlevel 5 (X Window).

/tmp is full or not

Quota is already reached

Video card or resolution or monitor is misconfigured.

xfs service is running or not.

Do These:

1. df –h /tmp  /tmp is full remove the unnecessary file

quota username  if quota is already reached remove unnecessary file from home directory.

Boot the System in runlevel 3.  you can pass the Kernel Argument from boot loader.

Use command: system-config-display  It will display a dialog to configure the monitor, Video card, resolution etc.

Set the Default Runlevel 5 in /etc/inittab

id:5:initdefault:

6. Reboot the System you will get the GUI login Screen.

Whoever creates the file on /data make automatically owner group should be the group owner of /data directory.

Answer and Explanation:

When user creates the file/directory, user owner will be user itself and group owner will be the primary group of the user.

There is one Special Permission SGID , when you set the SGID bit on directory,When users creates the file/directory automatically owner group will be same as a parent.

chmod g+s /data

Verify using: ls -ld /data

You will get: drwxrws---

One New Kernel is released named kernel-.2.6.9-11. Kernel is available on ftp://server1.example.com /pub/updates directory for anonymous. Install the Kernel and make the kernel-2.6.9-5 default.

Answer and Explanation:

1. rpm -ivh ftp://server1.example.com/pub/updates/kernel-2.6.9-11.i686.rpm

2. vi /etc/grub.conf

default=1  Change this value to 1

timeout=5

splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz

hiddenmenu

title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.6.9-11)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-11.EL ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet

initrd /initrd-2.6.9-11.EL.img

title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.6.9-5.EL)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet

initrd /initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img

According question that kernel is available to anonymous user. You can directly install from the ftp server using rpm command.

When you install the kernel, it will write on /etc/grub.conf file. You can set the default kernel by changing the default value. See on the output of /etc/grub.conf file that new kernel is on first title so it’s index is 0 and previous kernel’s index is 1.

Create the user named eric and deny to interactive login.

Answer and Explanation:

useradd eric

passwd eric

vi /etc/passwd

eric:x:505:505::/home/eric:/sbin/nologin

Which shell or program should start at login time is specified in /etc/passwd file. By default Redhat Enterprise Linux assigns the /bin/bash shell to the users. To deny the interactive login, you should write /sbin/nologin or /bin/false instead of login shell.

Raw printer named printerx where x is your station number is installed and shared on server1.example.com. Install the shared printer on your PC to connect shared printer using IPP Protocols. Your server is 192.168.0.254.

Answer and Explanation:

1. Open the Browser either firefox or links

2. Type : http://localhost:631

3. Click on Manage Printer

4. Click on Add Printer

5. Type Queue name like stationx and click on continue

6. Type Device type or printing Protocol: i.e Internet printing Protocol

7. Click on Continue

8. Type Device URL: ipp://server1.example.com/printers/printerx

9. Click on Continue

10. Select RAW Model printer

11. Click on Continue

12. Test by sending the printing job

There are three Disk Partitions /dev/hda8, /dev/hda9, /dev/hda10 having size 100MB of each partition. Create a Logical Volume named testvolume1 and testvolume2 having a size 250MB. Mount each Logical Volume on lvmtest1, lvmtest2 directory.

Answer and Explanation:

Steps of Creating LVM:

1. pvcreate /dev/hda8 /dev/hda9 /dev/hda10

 pvdisplay command is used to display the information of physical volume.

2. vgceate test0 /dev/hda8 /dev/hda9 /dev/hda10

 vgdisplay command is used to display the information of Volume Group.

3. lvcreate –L 250M –n testvolume1 test0

 lvdisplay command is used to display the information of Logical Volume.

4. lvcreate –L 250M –n testvolume2 test0

5. mkfs –t ext3 /dev/test0/testvolume1

6. mkfs –t ext3 /dev/test0/testvolume2

7. mkdir /lvtest1

8. mkdir /lvtest2

9. mount /dev/test0/testvolume1 /lvtest1

10. mount /dev/test0/testvolume2 /lvtest2

11. vi /etc/fstab

/dev/test0/testvolume2 /lvtest2 ext3 defaults 0 0

/dev/test0/testvolume1 /lvtest1 ext3 defaults 0 0

To create the LVM( Logical Volume Manager) we required the disks having ‘8e’ Linux LVM type. First we should create the physical Volume, then we can create the Volume group from disks belongs to physical Volume. lvcreate command is used to create the logical volume on volume group. We can specify the size of logical volume with –L option and name with -n option.

Create the directory /archive and group owner should be the sysuser group.

Answer and Explanation:

1. chgrp sysuser /archive

2. Verify using ls -ld /archive command. You should get like

drwxr-x--- 2 root sysadmin 4096 Mar 16 17:59 /archive

chgrp command is used to change the group ownership of particular files or directory.

Another way you can use the chown command.

chown root:sysuser /archive

Add a cron schedule to take full backup of /home on every day at 5:30 pm to /dev/st0 device.

Answer and Explanation:

1. vi /var/schedule

30 17 * * * /sbin/dump -0u /dev/st0 /dev/hda7

2. crontab /var/schedule

3. service crond restart

We can add the cron schedule either by specifying the scripts path on /etc/crontab file or by creating on text file on crontab pattern.

cron helps to schedule on recurring events. Pattern of cron is:

Minute Hour Day of Month Month Day of Week Commands

0-59 0-23 1-31 1-12 0-7 where 0 and 7 means Sunday.

Note * means every. To execute the command on every two minutes */2.

Create the group named training

Answer and Explanation:

groupadd training

To create a group we use the groupadd command.

Verify from: cat /etc/group whether group added or not?

Add a user named user4 and make primarily belongs to training group. As well account should expire on 30 days from today.

Answer and Explanation:

useradd username

passwd username

usermod -e “date”

example: usermod -e “12 Feb 2006” user4

Verify: chage –l user4

Who ever creates the files/directories on /data group owner should be automatically should be the same group owner of /data.

Answer and Explanation:

1. chmod g+s /data

2. Verify using: ls -ld /data

Permission should be like:

drwxrws--- 2 root sysadmin 4096 Mar 16 18:08 /data

If SGID bit is set on directory then who every users creates the files on directory group owner automatically the owner of parent directory.

To set the SGID bit: chmod g+s directory

To Remove the SGID bit: chmod g-s directory

One New Kernel is released named kernel-hugemem. Kernel is available on ftp://server1.example.com under pub directory for anonymous. Install the Kernel and make previous new kernel is default to boot System.

Answer and Explanation:

rpm -ivh ftp://server1.example.com/pub/kernel-hugemem-*

2. vi /etc/grub.conf

Set the default to new kernel

default=0

Example of /etc/grub.conf

default=0

timeout=5

splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz

hiddenmenu

title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.6.9-5.ELhugemem)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.ELhugemem ro root=LABEL=/1 rhgb quiet

initrd /initrd-2.6.9-5.ELhugemem.img

title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.6.9-5.EL)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL ro root=LABEL=/1 rhgb quiet

initrd /initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img

rpm command is used to install, update and remove the rpm package. -ivh option is install, verbose, and display the hash mark.

One Logical Volume named /dev/test0/testvolume1 is created. The initial Size of that disk is 100MB now you required more 200MB. Increase the size of Logical Volume, size should be increase on online.

Answer and Explanation:

1. lvextend –L+200M /dev/test0/testvolume1

Use lvdisplay /dev/test0/testvolume1)

2. ext2online –d /dev/test0/testvolume1

lvextend command is used the increase the size of Logical Volume. Other command lvresize command also here to resize. And to bring increased size on online we use the ext2online command.

Raw (Model) printer named printer1 is installed and shared on 192.168.0.254. You should install the shared printer on your PC to connect shared printer using IPP Protocols.

Answer and Explanation:

IPP( Internet Printing Protocol), allows administrator to manage printer through browser so CUPS is called Internet Printing Protocol based on HTTP. We can Install the printer either through: system-confing-printer tool or through Browser.

1. Open the browser and Type on address: http://localhost:631  CUPS (Common Unix Printing System) used the IPP protocol. CUPS use the 631 port.

2. Click on Manage Printer.

3. Click on Add Printer.

4. Type Printer name, Location, Description.

5. Select Device for bb. (Select IPP).

6. Device URL: ipp://192.168.0.254/ipp/ queue name  Same printer name of shared printer.

7. Select Model/Driver RAW printer.

8. service cups restart

Make user1, user2 and user3 belongs to training group.

Answer and Explanation:

usermod -G training user1

usermod -G training user2

usermod -G training user3

Verify from : cat /etc/group

There are two types of group, I) primary group II) Secondary or supplementary group.

Primary Group: Primary group defines the files/directories and process owner group there can be only one primary group of one user.

Secondary Group is used for permission. Where permission are defined for group members, user can access by belonging to that group.

Here user1, user2 and user3 belong as supplementary to training group. So these users get the permission of group member.