C_ABAPD_2507 SAP Certified Associate - Back-End Developer - ABAP Cloud Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In ABAP Cloud, string functions that support regular expressions (PCRE) include:

match( ) → returns the first substring matching the regex.

matches( ) → checks if the whole string matches the regex.

find( ) → finds a substring based on regex pattern.

Functions such as reverse( ) and condense( ) do not support regex patterns; they are purely string manipulation utilities.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Keyword Documentation – String Functions with Regular Expressions.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In the RAP model, a Business Object (BO) is composed of the following key parts:

A CDS view, which defines the data model layer (entity structure, projections, associations).

A Behavior Definition (BDEF), which defines the behavior layer – what operations can be performed (create, update, delete, validations, determinations).

Therefore:

Option B and C are correct.

Option A is incorrect because "Process definition" is not a RAP construct; process logic is handled via behavior implementation and determinations.

Option D is incorrect because "Authentication rules" are managed externally (e.g., via IAM, authorizations), not inside the BO.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In the ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model (RAP), validations are used to ensure that business rules and constraints are fulfilled, including the uniqueness of semantic keys.

A semantic key represents a natural identifier (e.g., employee number, product ID) and not a technical surrogate key. Validations can be:

Field-level validations – used to validate input for single fields.

Entity-level validations – used to validate logical conditions like uniqueness of a key combination.

The uniqueness check is typically enforced using a custom validation implementation in the behavior pool.

Action (Option A) is used for operations triggered by the user or system but not for enforcing uniqueness.

Determination (Option C) is used for automatically computing or adjusting field values, not for enforcing uniqueness.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The FIND function in ABAP searches for a substring (sub) inside a string (val) and returns the offset (position) if found, or 0 if not found.

Let’s evaluate Option A:

find( val = 'FIND Found found' sub = 'F' occ = -2 CASE = abap_true )

occ = -2: Searches for the second-last occurrence.

CASE = abap_true: Enforces case-sensitive search.

The string contains:

'FIND' → matches 'F' (1st occurrence)

'Found' → matches 'F' (2nd occurrence)

'found' → does not match because of lowercase 'f' and case-sensitive flag.

So, valid case-sensitive matches for 'F' are:

1st: 'FIND'

2nd: 'Found'

Thus, the second-last occurrence is 'FIND'.

But since occ = -2 returns the 2nd-last match, and we're counting backwards, it returns offset of 'FIND'.

Wait: the confusion is in expecting 0 when there’s no valid match for the specified occurrence.

But actually:

Option A does return 0 because occ = -2 expects at least 2 valid case-sensitive matches, and:

'Found' contains 'F' → match

'FIND' contains 'F' → match

So there are two matches.

BUT, occ = -2 is a reverse index.

First-last: 'Found'

Second-last: 'FIND'

It should return match offset for 'FIND' = 1 (NOT 0)

So, correction: A does NOT return 0.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

A DATS field is stored as YYYYMMDD.

Option A: substring( flight_date, 5, 2 ) → Extracts characters 5–6 → correct month.

Option B: right( left( flight_date, 6 ), 2 ) → Takes first 6 chars YYYYMM, then last 2 → correct month.

Option C: Wrong, extracts last 2 chars of MMDD, results in day not month.

Option D: Wrong, starts at 4 → gives YM instead of MM.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Development Guide – String Functions in CDS.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

The ABAP DATA statement declares a variable with an assigned type.

A. Private type in the same class (ZCL_CLASS_A) → ✅ Allowed. A class can use its own local type definitions, declared using TYPES.

B. Domain from ABAP Dictionary → ❌ Not allowed directly. Domains define technical attributes but cannot be referenced directly in DATA; they must be wrapped in a data element.

C. Type defined privately in another class → ❌ Not accessible, since private definitions are encapsulated.

D. Data element from ABAP Dictionary → ✅ Allowed, because data elements are global dictionary objects.

This follows ABAP Cloud extensibility rules, ensuring encapsulation and strict typing.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Dictionary Development Guide, ABAP Cloud Back-End Developer Learning Material (Variable Typing and Encapsulation).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Value helps in CDS are defined using annotations like:

@Consumption.valueHelpDefinition: '_association'

This enriches fields with semantic metadata for Fiori/UIs. Associations provide technical links, but the value help definition itself is given by annotations.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Guide – Annotations for Value Helps.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Tier 1 extensibility in ABAP Cloud corresponds to the safe and upgrade-stable extension layer.

Adding custom fields to released DB tables or CDS views via released extension includes is fully supported.

Using classic user exits (A), manual note corrections (C), or wrappers for unreleased APIs (D) belong to Tier 2 or Tier 3, and are not part of Tier 1 safe extensibility.

This guarantees that custom code in Tier 1 is cloud-ready, upgrade-stable, and based only on released extension points and APIs.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Cloud Extensibility Model – Three-Tier Extensibility Rules.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

ABAP SQL (also known as Open SQL):

Is fully integrated in the ABAP language and supports embedded use with host variables, making Option B correct.

Is first processed by the ABAP Database Interface, which translates Open SQL into the database-specific native SQL. Hence, Option A is also correct.

Option C is incorrect because ABAP SQL is not directly executed on HANA or any database; it is interpreted and adapted by the ABAP layer.

Option D is incorrect because ABAP SQL is not restricted to HANA; it is database-agnostic and works across different supported DBs.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

SAP recommends using CDS view entities over classic CDS DDIC-based views due to the following benefits:

Simpler and stricter syntax: CDS view entities enforce a clearer separation of concerns and reduce ambiguity, which helps ensure consistency across the stack. This makes Option C correct.

Elimination of the need for a database view: With CDS view entities, there's no dependency on a separate DDIC SQL view object, reducing redundancy and improving activation performance. This makes Option D correct.

Incorrect options:

Automated client handling (Option A) is supported in both CDS view entities and classic CDS views via annotations like @ClientHandling.

Simplified syntax check (Option B) is not a distinct feature of CDS view entities. Syntax checking is part of ABAP Development Tools regardless of the CDS flavor used.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In ABAP Object-Oriented Programming within ABAP Cloud, methods can define multiple parameters of type IMPORTING, EXPORTING, or CHANGING. However, for RETURNING parameters, only one value is permitted per method.

This restriction ensures that RAP BOs and ABAP Cloud classes expose methods with clear, unambiguous outputs, aligning with best practices of encapsulation and functional programming design.

IMPORTING → multiple allowed

EXPORTING → multiple allowed

CHANGING → multiple allowed

RETURNING → exactly one allowed

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects Programming Guide (Methods), ABAP Cloud Back-End Developer Documentation – Method Signature Rules.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The situation described is a classic one-to-many relationship from department→employees, with “including none at all” implying 0..* employees per department. In SAP modeling, cardinalities are expressed with ranges like [0..*] to denote zero-to-many. This notation is used consistently in ABAP Cloud/RAP documentation for compositions/associations as well (e.g., tables/structures or nested lists), where [0..*] means “any number (including none)”.

Therefore, the correct foreign-key cardinality that matches “a department may have any number of employees (including none)” is [0..*,1] (many employees per one department). The same documentation set also uses “pure foreign key” associations with multiplicities to model such relationships.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

ABAP Open SQL allows CAST( … AS … ) to SQL/Dictionary-compatible types such as CHAR(n) and DEC(p,s), which are valid (A, D).

ABAP numeric integer target is accepted as I in Open SQL casting context on recent ABAP platform levels (E).

N(8) is not a valid SQL cast target (NUMC is an ABAP elementary type, not an SQL cast target), and plain INT8 (without the ABAP type namespace form) is not a generally valid SQL type literal in Open SQL (so B and C are rejected on standard ABAP Cloud systems).

RAP and ABAP Cloud emphasize pushdown with typed SQL expressions and strict static checks; only released, database-compatible types are permitted in CAST, enforced by the language and static checks.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

CDS view parameters must be defined with types that are visible in the ABAP Dictionary.

A. Built-in ABAP Dictionary type → ✅ Supported (e.g., CURR, CHAR).

D. Data element → ✅ Supported, as data elements are dictionary-level types.

B. Built-in ABAP type (like i, string) → ❌ Not supported directly, CDS requires dictionary-compatible types.

C. Component of a structure → ❌ Not supported directly; parameters cannot reference structure components.

This ensures that CDS definitions remain database-compatible and semantically rich, which is critical for RAP services.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Development Guide – Defining View Parameters.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The EXTRACT_YEAR, EXTRACT_MONTH, and EXTRACT_DAY functions in ABAP SQL are SQL built-in functions used for extracting date components. These functions are only supported for timestamp-capable or date-capable fields.

According to the ABAP CDS Development Guide and SAP HANA SQL capabilities available to ABAP SQL via CDS or native SQL:

DATS (ABAP Dictionary data type for dates) is fully supported for extract functions.

TIMESTAMP and UTCLONG are also supported since they represent full date-time values and are mapped internally to TIMESTAMP with time zone considerations.

TIMS is a time-only type and is not valid for extract date functions.

TIMN is for time periods and is also not valid for extracting year, month, or day.

Therefore:

Option B (UTCLONG) – correct

Option C (TIMESTAMP) – correct

Option D (DATS) – correct

Options A (TIMS) and E (TIMN) – incorrect

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Let’s evaluate each field:

field1: Defined as REFERENCE TO abap.clnt(3) — this is correct. It follows standard definition for client fields.

field2: Defined as abap.char(1332) — this is incorrect. In ABAP CDS view entities, the maximum length for CHAR fields is limited to 1333 bytes total row size for all fields in a view or table. A single CHAR(1332) is almost the full limit and considered impractical or invalid in real implementations.

field3: Defined as abap.quan(2) — this is correct, representing a quantity field with 2 decimal places.

field4: Defined as abap.unit(2) — this is correct and compatible with the @Semantics.quantity.unitOfMeasure annotation used in field3.

Therefore, field2 is the invalid field due to its excessive length, likely breaching the allowable memory layout in the HANA table or violating SAP CDS limits.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ABAP Cloud/RAP examples, test classes are created inside the development object (e.g., inside the behavior implementation) and are marked FOR TESTING—these are local classes (they live in the program/class include, not as separate global repository classes). The guides show creating test classes under the Test Classes tab and referencing the Local Types section of the implementation (friends etc.), i.e., local to the program/object.

This contrasts with global classes that exist as standalone repository objects; the RAP test patterns explicitly model the former (local) for unit tests within the object’s context.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In RAP/ABAP Cloud, authorization objects define authorizations for roles and are invoked from CDS (read) and behavior (modify). This ties app operations to authorization objects and roles administered in IAM.

RAP services are exposed for Fiori apps via service bindings; the resulting Fiori app uses the service and its enforcement (which includes the authorization objects configured for roles). Putting it together for S/4HANA Cloud IAM: Apps carry/trigger checks based on authorization objects; Business Catalogs collect apps; Business Roles collect catalogs; Business Users are assigned roles. This aligns with the ABAP Cloud guidance that authorizations are grouped into roles and checked against authorization objects during access.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In ABAP Cloud, translation is supported for:

Data element texts (short, medium, long descriptions).

Message class texts (used in MESSAGE statements).

Text symbols (defined in programs).

Not translatable:

String variables → runtime values, no translation.

Text literals → hard-coded, not translatable via translation tools.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Documentation – Text Elements and Translation in ABAP Cloud.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

ABAP Unit test classes are declared with the addition FOR TESTING in the class definition. RAP test guides also show the same ABAP Unit pattern for local test classes:

CLASS ltcl_sc_r_agency DEFINITION FINAL FOR TESTING

DURATION SHORT

RISK LEVEL HARMLESS.

This is the canonical way to mark an ABAP class as a test class.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

dats_add_days → ✅ Returns the number of days added/subtracted to a given date → INT4.

dats_days_between → ✅ Returns the number of days between two dates → INT4.

dats_add_months → ❌ Returns a DATE, not INT4.

dats_is_valid → ❌ Returns a BOOLEAN (flag), not INT4.

In CDS, these date functions are used for calculations in queries, supporting business logic pushdown.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Functions Reference – Date and Time Functions.