PCCSE Prisma Certified Cloud Security Engineer Questions and Answers

In Prisma Cloud, the capability to scan serverless functions, such as AWS Lambda functions, for vulnerabilities is an integral part of ensuring cloud security posture management (CSPM) and compliance. Specifically, option C is correct because Prisma Cloud provides a dedicated section for defining policies related to serverless function vulnerabilities under the "Defend > Vulnerabilities > Functions" page. This feature allows administrators to create and manage policies that automatically scan serverless functions for known vulnerabilities, ensuring that the functions comply with the organization's security standards before they are deployed. This approach aligns with Prisma Cloud's comprehensive security model that covers various aspects of cloud security, including serverless functions, as outlined in the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools" document​​

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/22-12/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/vulnerability_management/serverless_functions

In the context of Prisma Cloud, Build and Run policies serve distinct purposes in securing cloud environments. Build policies are designed to evaluate Infrastructure as Code (IaC) templates before deployment. These policies help identify and remediate security misconfigurations in the development phase, ensuring that vulnerabilities are addressed before the infrastructure is provisioned. This proactive approach enhances security by preventing misconfigurations from reaching production environments.

On the other hand, Run policies are applied to resources that are already deployed in the cloud. These policies continuously monitor the cloud environment, detecting and alerting on potential security issues that arise in the runtime. Run policies help maintain the security posture of cloud resources by identifying deviations from established security baselines and enabling quick remediation of identified issues.

Both Build and Run policies are integral to a comprehensive cloud security strategy, addressing security concerns at different stages of the cloud resource lifecycle—from development and deployment to ongoing operation.

In AWS, the net effective permissions are calculated based on various policy types and identities. The correct choices are:

• A. AWS service control policies (SCPs): SCPs are used in AWS Organizations to manage permissions for all accounts within the organization, affecting the net effective permissions.
• B. AWS IAM group: IAM groups define a set of permissions for a collection of users, influencing their effective permissions.
• C. AWS IAM role: IAM roles provide temporary security credentials to assume a set of permissions, impacting the net effective permissions. Option D (AWS IAM User) and E (AWS IAM tag policy) also play roles in defining permissions, but A, B, and C are the primary types used in calculating net effective permissions, making them the correct choices.

RESOURCE_DELETED Resource was deleted. USER_DISMISSED Alert was dismissed or snoozed by the Prisma Cloud administrator with role of System admin, Account Group Admin, or Account and Cloud Provisioning Admin. POLICY_UPDATED Policy was updated. This status indicates a change in the policy RQL that results in a resource not being in scope for the policy evaluation.

https://knowledgebase.paloaltonetworks.com/KCSArticleDetail?id=kA14u0000004OQ2CAM

To use the automated method within Azure Cloud for streamlining the process of using remediation in the identity and access management (IAM) module, the required actions include configuring the IAM Azure remediation script, integrating with Azure Service Bus, and installing the azure.servicebus & requests library. These steps ensure that the automated remediation system can communicate effectively with Azure services, execute the necessary remediation actions, and address IAM-related alerts by adjusting permissions and access controls as needed. This automation helps maintain a secure and compliant cloud environment by promptly addressing potential IAM issues.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-iam-security/remediate-alerts-for-iam-security

1) Select Policies 2) Select the policy rule to edit, on 3 Compliance Standards click + and associate the policy with the compliance standard (https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-compliance/create-a-custom-compliance-standard )

To ensure that sensitive data such as SSNs and credit card numbers are not visible in Dashboard > Data view during investigations, the correct method is to go to Settings > Data > Snippet Masking and select Full Mask (A). This feature in Prisma Cloud allows administrators to mask sensitive data snippets within the dashboard, ensuring that such information is obfuscated and not exposed to unauthorized viewers. Full Masking provides a robust level of protection by completely hiding the sensitive values, thereby enhancing data privacy and compliance with regulations that mandate the protection of personal and financial information.

When you have one or more tenant or scale Projects, upgrade all Supervisors before upgrading the Central Console. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/20-09/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/upgrade/upgrade_process

Both Console’s API and web interfaces, served on port 8083 (HTTPS), require authentication over a different channel with different credentials (e.g. username and password, access key, and so on), none of which Defender holds. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/22-06/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/technology_overviews/defender_architecture

Regarding the use of access keys, it is correct that up to two access keys can be active at any time for a single IAM user in AWS, and access keys are used for programmatic API calls to AWS services. This allows for rotation of keys without immediate invalidation of the old key and ensures secure access to AWS services via APIs.

In Prisma Cloud, policies set under "Defend > Vulnerability > Images > Deployed" are specifically designed to apply at runtime, i.e., when a container is instantiated from an image. This ensures that any image, regardless of its point of origin or creation time, is evaluated against the defined vulnerability policies at the time it is deployed as a container in the environment. This runtime enforcement is crucial for catching vulnerabilities that may not have been present or detected during the image build phase, providing an additional layer of security for running applications​​.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/22-12/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/vulnerability_management/vuln_management_rules

In Prisma Cloud, to notify the InfoSec team via email about misconfigured Security Groups, the appropriate tab to use is "Alert Rules." Alert rules in Prisma Cloud define the conditions under which alerts are generated and the notification channels, including email, where these alerts are sent. By configuring alert rules related to Security Group misconfigurations, the platform can automatically notify the team when such an event occurs, ensuring prompt awareness and response to potential security issues​​.

The external ID plays a crucial role when onboarding a new Amazon Web Services (AWS) account in Prisma Cloud. It serves as a UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) that establishes a trust relationship between the Prisma Cloud account and the AWS account. This trust relationship is essential for allowing Prisma Cloud to securely extract data and perform security monitoring and compliance checks within the AWS environment. The use of an external ID ensures that Prisma Cloud can access the necessary information from the AWS account without compromising the security of the AWS account's credentials, adhering to the principle of least privilege and enhancing the overall security posture.

When setting up Single Sign-On (SSO) in Prisma Cloud on the Identity Provider (IdP) side, it is essential to configure the Assertion Consumer Service (ACS) URL and the Service Provider (SP) Entity ID. The ACS URL is the endpoint to which the IdP will send the SAML assertion, and the SP Entity ID is a unique identifier for the service provider that often resembles a URL but does not necessarily point to a location. These elements are crucial for establishing the trust relationship between the IdP and the service provider, enabling secure user authentication and authorization.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/investigate-incidents-on-prisma-cloud/investigate-config-incidents-on-prisma-cloud

Cloud Provisioning Admin (Defender Manager) DevOps team members that need to manage Defender deployments without sysadmin privileges. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/authentication/prisma_cloud_user_roles

https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/compute-edition/31/admin-guide/configure/disaster-recovery

In scenarios where a backup is created manually before upgrading a self-hosted console, it is crucial to restore the system using the backup that matches the version of the Prisma Cloud Self-Hosted Console from which it was taken. This ensures compatibility and integrity of the data and configurations. Using a backup with a different version of the console may lead to inconsistencies or loss of information due to potential changes in the software's data structures or features between versions. Therefore, to ensure a successful restoration, the backup must be applied to the same version of the Prisma Cloud Self-Hosted Console that it was created from.

The installation of the Prisma Cloud Console in a Kubernetes cluster involves a series of steps that start with preparing the necessary deployment configurations, typically provided as YAML files. The process begins by downloading and extracting the release tarball, which contains the necessary files and instructions for the deployment. After extracting the tarball, you generate YAML files for the Console deployment. These YAML files define the Kubernetes resources needed to deploy and run the Console, such as Deployments, Services, and ConfigMaps. Finally, you deploy the Console by applying the generated YAML files using the kubectl command, which communicates with the Kubernetes API to create the specified resources in your cluster.

This process is aligned with Kubernetes best practices for deploying applications and is indicative of the steps required for deploying complex applications like the Prisma Cloud Console. The method ensures that all necessary configurations and dependencies are correctly defined and deployed in the Kubernetes environment.

The correct RQL to trigger the audit event activity shown is Option A. This RQL is designed to capture events from cloud audit logs where a ConsoleLogin operation occurs by the 'root' user. The given audit event details match this RQL's criteria, which specifies the operation type and the user involved in the event.

In a Prisma Cloud environment where both agentless scanning and Defender-based scans (Host and Container Defenders) are configured, there is no inherent conflict between these two scanning methods. Both agentless scans and Defender scans are designed to complement each other, providing comprehensive coverage and depth in the security analysis of the environment. Agentless scans offer a broad, less intrusive overview, while Defender scans provide deep, detailed insights into the security posture. Therefore, both types of scans will run concurrently, enhancing the overall security visibility and protection of the environment without disabling or interfering with each other's operations.

The agentless scanning architecture lets you inspect a host and the container images in that host without having to install an agent or affecting its execution. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/agentless-scanning/onboard-accounts

The timestamp on the compliance dashboard in a cloud security context typically reflects the point in time when data from various sources is collected, processed, and then consolidated to present the compliance status or results. This aggregation process involves compiling data from multiple scans, logs, and other compliance-related information to provide a comprehensive overview of the current compliance posture. Therefore, the timestamp usually indicates when this aggregation was completed, ensuring that users are viewing the most up-to-date and relevant compliance information based on the latest data compilation.

For a runtime audit generated for a host with a message indicating a service attempting to obtain capability by executing a script, the root cause for this runtime audit is most likely related to D. Default rule that alerts on suspicious runtime behavior. This default rule is designed to flag unusual or potentially harmful activities that could indicate a security risk, prompting further investigation.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-policies/anomaly-policies

When a Prisma Cloud administrator is onboarding a single GCP project to Prisma Cloud, the Terraform script can perform several steps to facilitate this integration. The steps include B. create the Prisma Cloud role, which is essential for defining the permissions and capabilities that Prisma Cloud will have within the GCP environment, and C. enable the required APIs for Prisma Cloud, ensuring that Prisma Cloud can access the necessary GCP services and features for comprehensive cloud security management.

"The list of AWS policy types and identities that are used to calculate the net effective permissions are as follows:

AWS IAM role

AWS IAM policy

AWS IAM group

AWS service control policies (SCPs)

Role trust relationships

Permission boundaries

NotAction

Policies with wild card support

If your cloud environment has additional resource types, Prisma Cloud does not factor them into the net-effective permissions.

In addition, permissions can also be set by a resource-based policy. The following AWS resource-based policies are supported in the net effective permissions calculation:

Lambda function

S3 bucket

SQS queue

SNS topic

ECS task definition

Secret manager

KMS key

Lambda layer version"

Prisma Cloud, part of Palo Alto Networks' cloud security suite, offers Console images that can be retrieved for deployment in various environments. The correct process for obtaining these images involves using basic authentication with Docker, a widely-used containerization platform. Users must first access the official Palo Alto Networks registry at registry.paloaltonetworks.com. Here, they are required to authenticate using the "docker login" command, which prompts for credentials. Upon successful authentication, users can then use the "docker pull" command to retrieve the Prisma Cloud Console images. This method ensures secure access to the latest Console images for deployment within an organization's infrastructure, aligning with best practices for container image management and deployment.

In the context of associating Prisma Cloud policies with compliance frameworks, the most appropriate option is "Custom compliance." Prisma Cloud provides a comprehensive set of security and compliance policies that can be applied to cloud environments. While predefined policies cover a wide range of compliance standards and best practices, every organization has unique requirements and may follow specific compliance frameworks that are not directly included in the predefined policies. Custom compliance allows organizations to define their own compliance frameworks and associate specific Prisma Cloud policies with these custom frameworks. This flexibility ensures that organizations can maintain compliance with their specific regulatory and industry standards, tailoring the Prisma Cloud policies to meet their unique compliance needs. Custom compliance frameworks can be created within Prisma Cloud to include a collection of policies that address the specific controls and requirements of the organization's chosen compliance standards, providing a tailored approach to cloud security and compliance.

To onboard an AWS account into Prisma Cloud for the purpose of monitoring resource configurations, the necessary information includes the Role ARN (Amazon Resource Name) and CloudTrail setup. The Role ARN (Option E) is crucial because Prisma Cloud requires permission to access and monitor resources within the AWS account, which is facilitated through an IAM role that Prisma Cloud can assume. This IAM role must have the necessary permissions to access AWS services and resources that Prisma Cloud needs to monitor. CloudTrail (Option A) is essential for auditing and monitoring API calls within the AWS environment, including those related to resource configurations. It provides visibility into user and resource activity by recording API calls made on the account. CloudTrail logs are used by Prisma Cloud to detect changes in resource configurations and ensure compliance with security policies. Subscription ID (Option B) and Active Directory ID (Option C) are more relevant to Azure cloud environments, not AWS. External ID (Option D) is used in a cross-account role trust relationship to prevent the "confused deputy" problem, but it's not specifically required just to onboard the account for resource configuration monitoring.

Web-Application and API Security (WAAS) is a feature within Prisma Cloud that focuses on protecting web applications and APIs from various threats and vulnerabilities. The primary protocols it provides protection for are HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and TLS (Transport Layer Security). HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, and TLS is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network. While SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol for secure remote login and other secure network services, and Tomcat Web Connector via AJP (Apache JServ Protocol) is used for Tomcat server communication, they are not the primary focus of WAAS protection.

In Prisma Cloud, assigning an administrative user to an account group is a way to implement the principle of least privilege by restricting the user's access to a specific subset of resources and data. Account groups are logical collections of cloud accounts, and by associating an administrative user with a particular account group, their access is limited to only those resources and data associated with the cloud accounts within that group. This mechanism ensures that users have access only to the information and resources necessary for their role or tasks, enhancing security by minimizing the potential for unauthorized access or actions within the cloud environment.

To create a network exposure policy that identifies instances accessible from any untrusted internet sources, a SecOps engineer would need to navigate to the Policy section within Prisma Cloud and add a new policy of the Config type. They would define the details of the policy such as the name and severity level and then configure the RQL query to specify conditions that match instances accessible from untrusted internet sources. The RQL query provided in the answer specifies that the source of the network traffic should be from an untrusted internet and that the destination resource should be an instance in the AWS cloud. After defining the compliance standards and providing recommendations for remediation, the policy can be saved to be enforced within the environment.

When configuring Single Sign-On (SSO) in Prisma Cloud, the platform acts as the Service Provider (SP). In the SSO process, the Service Provider relies on an Identity Provider (IdP) to authenticate users. Prisma Cloud, as the SP, integrates with an IdP to allow users to log in using their existing credentials managed by the IdP. This setup simplifies the authentication process, enhances security by centralizing user credentials, and provides a seamless user experience.

In the event a user is unable to log in to the Prisma Cloud Console, Audit Logs serve as a critical area for investigating the issue. Audit Logs provide a detailed record of activities, including login attempts, within the Prisma Cloud environment. By examining the Audit Logs, administrators can identify failed login attempts, understand the reasons behind login failures (e.g., incorrect credentials, account lockouts, or access policy changes), and take appropriate actions to resolve the login issues, ensuring users can access the console as expected.

To assign a new policy to a compliance standard in Prisma Cloud, the administrator needs to edit the policy and navigate to the step where compliance standards are managed. By clicking the '+' button, the administrator can add the policy to a specific compliance standard, provide necessary details, and confirm the assignment. This integrates the custom policy into the chosen compliance standard, ensuring that compliance checks include the newly defined policy criteria.

The question focuses on valid host compliance policies within a cloud environment. Among the given options, the most relevant to host compliance is ensuring compliant Docker daemon configuration. Docker daemon configurations are critical for securing the host environment where containers are run. A compliant Docker daemon configuration involves setting security-related options to ensure the Docker engine operates securely. This can include configurations related to TLS for secure communication, logging levels, authorization plugins, and user namespace remapping for isolation.

Ensuring functions are not overly permissive (Option A) and ensuring images are created with a non-root user (Option C) are more directly related to the security best practices for serverless functions and container images, respectively, rather than host-specific compliance checks. Ensuring host devices are not directly exposed to containers (Option B) is also important for security, but it falls under the broader category of container runtime security rather than host-specific compliance.

Thus, the most valid host compliance policy from the given options is to ensure a compliant Docker daemon configuration, as it directly impacts the security posture of the host environment in a containerized infrastructure. This aligns with best practices for securing Docker environments and is a common recommendation in container security guidelines, including those from Docker and cybersecurity frameworks.

References:

• Docker Documentation: Security configuration and best practices for Docker engine: https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/
• CIS Docker Benchmark: Providing consensus-based best practices for securing Docker environments: https://www.cisecurity.org/benchmark/docker/

https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/blogs/what-is-changing-for-ci-cd-plugins/ba-p/461676

Prisma Cloud has announced changes to its CI/CD plugins due to the acquisition of Bridgecrew1. The existing IaC functionality in Prisma Cloud will be replaced by a Prisma “cloud code security” (CCS) module that delivers Bridgecrew integration in Prisma Cloud1. As part of this change, several CI/CD plugins that Prisma Cloud currently uses will either be replaced or modified1.

According to the information from the link, both Checkov and CircleCI are listed as integrations that will switch to the Prisma “cloud code security” (CCS) module1. Checkov is an open-source command-line interface (CLI) utility that includes more than 750 predefined policies and supports custom policies1. CircleCI is a continuous integration and continuous delivery platform1.

To utilize the automated method for remediation within the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Cloud, specifically for the Identity and Access Management (IAM) module, two critical actions are required: installing the boto3 and requests libraries, and configuring the IAM AWS remediation script.

The boto3 library is AWS's SDK for Python, allowing Python developers to write software that makes use of services like Amazon S3 and Amazon EC2. The requests library is a Python HTTP library designed for human beings, enabling easy interaction with HTTP services. Together, these libraries are foundational for scripting AWS services, including automating remediation tasks within IAM.

Configuring the IAM AWS remediation script is the second critical step. This script is tailored to interact with AWS IAM to automate the remediation of identified security issues, such as excessive permissions, unused IAM roles, or improperly configured policies. The script uses the boto3 library to communicate with AWS services, applying the necessary changes to align IAM configurations with security best practices.

These actions are essential for leveraging automation to enhance IAM security within AWS, ensuring that IAM configurations adhere to the principle of least privilege and other security best practices. This approach aligns with Prisma Cloud's capabilities and recommendations for cloud security, emphasizing the importance of automation in maintaining a robust security posture, as discussed in resources like the "Prisma Cloud Visibility and Control Qualification Guide" and the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools."

References:

• "Prisma Cloud Visibility and Control Qualification Guide" highlights the significance of automated security controls and remediation within cloud environments, supporting the use of scripts and libraries for IAM remediation in AWS.
• "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools" emphasizes the importance of automation in cloud security, particularly for managing and remediating IAM configurations to ensure compliance and minimize risks.

To add AWS accounts to the Prisma Cloud Enterprise tenant, the correct API endpoint is option C: https://api.prismacloud.io/cloud/aws. This endpoint is specifically designed for integrating cloud accounts with Prisma Cloud, enabling centralized visibility and security posture management across multiple cloud environments. By using this API endpoint, each AWS account can be individually onboarded to the Prisma Cloud platform, allowing for immediate posture visibility and consistent security policy enforcement across the newly acquired company's extensive AWS footprint. This process aligns with Prisma Cloud's capabilities for multi-cloud security and compliance management, ensuring that the onboarding of cloud accounts is both efficient and aligned with the platform's best practices for cloud security.

https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/blogs/what-is-changing-for-ci-cd-plugins/ba-p/461676

Visual Studio Code IntelliJ IDEA https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/blogs/what-is-changing-for-ci-cd-plugins/ba-p/461676

Managing Defender upgrades in a Prisma Cloud environment requires careful planning, especially in scenarios where not all Defenders can be upgraded simultaneously due to maintenance window constraints.

• Option C: Upgrade a subset of the Defenders by clicking the individual Actions > Upgrade button in the row that corresponds to the Defender that should be upgraded during the maintenance window is the recommended approach in this situation. This option allows administrators to manually select specific Defenders for upgrade within the available maintenance window, providing control over the upgrade process and ensuring that upgrades are aligned with operational requirements and maintenance schedules.

References:

• Prisma Cloud Defender Management Documentation: Details the procedures for managing and upgrading Prisma Cloud Defenders, including manual upgrade processes for individual Defenders.
• Best Practices for Managing Defender Upgrades: Offers guidelines on effectively planning and executing Defender upgrades, emphasizing the importance of aligning upgrade activities with maintenance windows to minimize disruption to the development environment.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-alerts/prisma-cloud-alert-notifications

Enabling the "block" option under compliance checks on a host in Prisma Cloud signifies a strict enforcement policy, where any container that violates specified compliance checks will be prevented from starting on that host. This preventive measure is crucial for maintaining a secure and compliant cloud environment, ensuring that only containers that meet the organization's compliance and security standards are allowed to run. This approach aligns with Prisma Cloud's proactive security posture management, where potential risks are mitigated before they can impact the cloud environment​​.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/compliance/manage_compliance

https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/classic/rql-reference/rql-reference/event-query/event-query-examples https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/classic/rql-reference/rql-reference/event-query/event-query-examples#idda895fd2-4496-4b31-9766-7d50215dcc18

In a Kubernetes environment, the Admission Controller is a critical component responsible for approving, modifying, or rejecting administrative requests before they are processed by the Kubernetes API server. The Admission Controller acts as a gatekeeper, enforcing governance and policy controls by evaluating requests against a set of predefined rules and policies. It can validate and mutate requests, ensuring that only compliant and authorized changes are allowed to proceed. This capability is vital for maintaining the security and integrity of the Kubernetes cluster, as it can prevent unauthorized or potentially harmful actions from being executed, thus playing a key role in the cluster's overall security posture.

Prisma Cloud, developed by Palo Alto Networks, is known for its comprehensive cloud security capabilities across various cloud service providers (CSPs). The integration and support extend to major CSPs, including AWS (Amazon Web Services), Azure (Microsoft's Cloud), GCP (Google Cloud Platform), Oracle Cloud, and Alibaba Cloud. This wide range of support ensures that organizations leveraging multi-cloud environments can maintain consistent security postures across all their cloud assets. The information regarding supported CSPs by Prisma Cloud can typically be found in their official documentation and release notes, which detail the features, integrations, and enhancements specific to each CSP.

To scan container images in Jenkins pipelines, two effective methods are using twistcli and the Compute Jenkins plugin. twistcli is a command-line tool provided by Prisma Cloud that allows for the scanning of container images for vulnerabilities and compliance issues directly from the CI/CD pipeline. It can be integrated into Jenkins jobs as a build or post-build step to automatically scan images as part of the build process.

The Compute Jenkins plugin is specifically designed for integration with Jenkins, providing a more seamless and automated way to include Prisma Cloud's security scanning capabilities within Jenkins pipelines. This plugin enables Jenkins to trigger image scans with Prisma Cloud directly and can fail builds based on scan results, ensuring that only secure and compliant images are pushed through the CI/CD pipeline.

Both twistcli and the Compute Jenkins plugin are designed to integrate Prisma Cloud's security capabilities into the CI/CD process, enabling DevOps teams to identify and fix security issues early in the development lifecycle.

By default, Prisma Cloud's vulnerability policy is configured to alert on all detected vulnerabilities across containers and images, without filtering based on the severity of the vulnerabilities. This default setting ensures that administrators are made aware of all potential security issues, providing them with comprehensive visibility into the security posture of their environment. Administrators can then assess and prioritize these vulnerabilities based on their context, severity, and impact on the organization's assets​​.

In WAAS Access control for file uploads, Prisma Cloud supports various file types out-of-the-box to ensure secure and controlled file upload functionality. The supported file types include Text, Images, and Documents. These categories cover a wide range of commonly used file formats, allowing organizations to manage and restrict file uploads based on the content type. This feature helps in preventing malicious file uploads and ensures that only approved file types are uploaded to applications and services.

When creating a Config policy in Prisma Cloud and incorporating a JSON query, the correct place to add this query is under the "Build Your Rule (Build tab)" (Option E). This section allows users to define the criteria and conditions for the policy, including specifying JSON or RQL (Resource Query Language) queries that articulate the policy's logic. The "Details" (Option A) tab is typically used for general information about the policy, such as its name and description. The "Compliance Standards" (Option B) tab is for associating the policy with specific compliance frameworks. The "Remediation" (Option C) tab provides guidance on how to remediate any issues detected by the policy. The "Build Your Rule (Run tab)" (Option D) is not a standard option in Prisma Cloud policy configuration.

Prisma Cloud supports configuring Single Sign-On (SSO) with Identity Providers (IdPs) to streamline user authentication processes. However, for all the cloud accounts monitored by Prisma Cloud, only one IdP provider can be enabled at any given time. This limitation ensures a unified authentication mechanism across the platform, reducing complexity and potential security risks associated with managing multiple IdP configurations.

• Create SNS Topic Triggers: No data security scan
• Select an S3 bucket: Forward Scan only
• Select an S3 bucket with existing files: Forward or Backward Scan
• Link an S3 logging to CloudTrail: Backward Scan only

The scanning mode for Data Security in AWS typically depends on the configuration and the desired outcomes for monitoring and protecting data within S3 buckets.

Creating SNS Topic Triggers is a configuration step that does not directly involve scanning. It is part of setting up notifications for events in S3 buckets, but on its own, it does not initiate a data security scan.

Selecting an S3 bucket without specifying existing files typically implies that you intend to scan new objects as they are added to the bucket, which is known as a Forward Scan. This mode is proactive and scans files upon their arrival in the bucket.

When you select an S3 bucket with existing files, you can perform either Forward Scanning for new files or Backward Scanning to scan all existing files in the bucket. This option provides the most comprehensive scanning coverage for both new and existing data.

Linking an S3 logging to CloudTrail is usually a step taken to monitor access and changes to S3 resources. In the context of scanning, linking S3 to CloudTrail does not initiate a scan, but the CloudTrail logs can be used to trigger a Backward Scan if configured to do so, which scans historical files in the bucket based on CloudTrail events.

While agentless scanning in Prisma Cloud can effectively assess various risks in cloud environments, including host compliance and vulnerabilities, it does not extend to container runtime risks. To inspect risks associated with container runtimes, such as real-time threat detection, behavioral monitoring, and deep visibility into container activity, deploying Prisma Cloud Defenders is necessary. These Defenders are lightweight agents that provide an additional layer of security by monitoring containerized applications in real-time, thereby offering comprehensive protection against threats that may arise during the runtime phase of containers.

The Run policies monitor resources and check for potential issues once these cloud resources are deployed Build policies enable you to check for security misconfigurations in the IaC templates and ensure that these issues do not make their way into production. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-policies/create-a-policy

• B. Build policies: These are designed to identify insecure configurations in your Infrastructure as Code (IaC) templates, such as AWS CloudFormation, HashiCorp Terraform, and Kubernetes App manifests. The goal of build policies is to detect security issues early in the development process, before the actual resources are deployed in runtime environments. This helps ensure that security issues are identified and remediated before they can affect production1.
• D. Run policies: These policies are focused on monitoring the deployed cloud resources and checking for potential issues during their operation. Run policies are essential for ongoing security and compliance in the production environment, as they provide visibility into the actual state of resources and their activities1.

Run and Network policies (A) are indeed part of the configuration policy set, but they do not highlight the difference between build and run policies. Similarly, while Run policies do monitor network activities ©, this statement does not contrast them with Build policies.

The correct construction for a container scan using the TwistCLI tool provided by Prisma Cloud (formerly Twistlock) is shown in option C. This command uses the TwistCLI tool to scan a container image, specifying the necessary authentication credentials (username and password with '-u' and '-p' flags), the address of the Prisma Cloud instance (with the '--address' flag), and the image to be scanned (in this case, 'myimage/latest'). The inclusion of the '--details' flag is a common practice to obtain detailed scan results, which is crucial for in-depth analysis and remediation efforts. This command structure aligns with the standard usage of TwistCLI for image scanning purposes, as documented in Prisma Cloud's official resources and guides.

To specifically target running containers with a Cloud Native Application Framework (CNAF) policy in Prisma Cloud, the administrator should scope the policy to Image names. By doing so, the policy will apply to containers based on the images they were created from, allowing for precise targeting of security policies to specific containers. This approach is part of Prisma Cloud's capabilities to provide granular security controls for containerized environments, ensuring that policies are effectively applied to the relevant containers​​.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/waas/deploy_waas/deployment_containers

Prisma Cloud's API documentation and extensive developer resources are primarily hosted on prisma.pan.dev, which is Palo Alto Networks' developer portal. This site offers comprehensive guides, API references, and resources for developers to integrate, automate, and extend the capabilities of Prisma Cloud within their applications and workflows. While docs.paloaltonetworks.com provides official product documentation, and Prisma Cloud Administrator’s Guide offers in-depth administrative guidance, prisma.pan.dev is specifically designed to serve as the hub for API documentation and developer resources. The Live Community is another valuable resource for peer support and discussions but is not the primary source for API documentation.

https://prisma.pan.dev/api/cloud/

To protect the pods hosting a web front end from Layer 7 attacks, the development team should create a Web Application and API Security (WAAS) rule targeted at the image name of the pods. This approach allows the policy to specifically protect the applications running within the pods against sophisticated attacks that target the application layer.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/waas/deploy_waas

After the Console has been upgraded, check and upgrade any of the Defenders that have reached the end of their support lifecycle (Defenders are backward compatible for N-2 releases). The Defender release image is built from the UBI8-minimal base image and on upgrade it is a full container image upgrade, which means that the old Defender container is replaced with a new container. Then, upgrade all other Prisma Cloud components, such as the Jenkins plugin. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/upgrade/upgrade_process_saas

Within Prisma Cloud, when creating compliance reports, administrators have the flexibility to schedule the generation of these reports based on their specific needs. The available frequency options include "One-time," where a report is generated once at a specified time, and "Weekly," which allows for the recurring generation of reports on a weekly basis. These options provide organizations with the ability to tailor their compliance reporting to their operational requirements, ensuring that they have regular and up-to-date insights into their compliance posture.

When an administrator adds a Cloud account to Prisma Cloud and then deletes it, if the deleted account is added back to Prisma Cloud within a 24-hour period, the existing alerts associated with that account will be displayed again. This behavior ensures continuity in monitoring and alerting, allowing security teams to retain visibility into potential security issues or compliance violations associated with the cloud account. Re-displaying existing alerts helps maintain a consistent security posture and ensures that no critical alerts are overlooked during the re-addition process.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-alerts/view-respond-to-prisma-cloud-alerts

https://api.prismacloud.io/compliance Add Compliance Standard https://api.prismacloud.io/compliance/complianceld/requirement Add Compliance Requirement https://api.prismacloud.io/compliance/requirementld/section Add Compliance Requirement Section https://pan.dev/prisma-cloud/api/cspm/get-all-standards/

The audit trail section of an asset's detail view in Prisma Cloud typically includes a log of configuration changes and alert and vulnerability events associated with the asset. These elements are crucial for tracking the history of modifications to an asset's configuration and the security incidents that have affected it. This information is instrumental in understanding the security posture of the asset over time and in conducting thorough investigations after a security event has been detected.

Onboarding an account for Data Security involves several critical steps to ensure comprehensive coverage and effective monitoring. The steps involved include B. Create a Cloudtrail with SNS Topic to track and manage API calls and relevant notifications, D. Enter the RoleARN and SNSARN to provide necessary access and integration points for data security functions, and E. Create a S3 bucket which serves as a storage solution for logging and data capture essential for security analysis.

Configuring Single Sign-On (SSO) in Prisma Cloud requires the Identity Provider Issuer (Option B) and Certificate (Option C). The Identity Provider Issuer is a unique identifier for the SSO identity provider and is used by Prisma Cloud to establish trust and validate SSO responses. The Certificate, typically an X.509 certificate, is used to sign SSO assertions and ensure the security of the SSO communication. The Prisma Cloud Access SAML URL (Option A) is provided by Prisma Cloud to configure the SSO on the identity provider's side, not the other way around. The Identity Provider Logout URL (Option D) is used for single logout configurations but is not a required field for basic SSO configuration in Prisma Cloud.

To reduce the number of alerts generated by the "Unusual protocol activity (Internal)" network anomaly without entirely disabling the policy, setting the Alert Disposition to Conservative (option B) is the most effective strategy. This configuration adjusts the sensitivity of the anomaly detection, reducing the likelihood of false positives and minimizing alert fatigue without compromising the ability to detect genuine security threats. By adopting a more conservative approach to anomaly detection, the administrator can ensure that only the most significant and potentially harmful activities trigger alerts, thus maintaining a balance between security vigilance and operational efficiency.

To enable a user to interact programmatically with Prisma Cloud APIs and for a nonhuman entity to access keys, the correct action is to create a role and assign it to the Service Account (D). Service accounts in Prisma Cloud are designed for programmatic access by applications or automated tools, allowing these entities to interact with Prisma Cloud APIs securely. By creating a specific role with the necessary permissions and assigning it to a service account, administrators can ensure that the entity has the appropriate level of access required for its operations, aligning with the principle of least privilege and enhancing the security posture of API interactions.

The Container Runtime Model in Prisma Cloud typically includes states such as Learning, Active, and Archived. The Learning state is where Prisma Cloud observes container behaviors to understand normal operations and establish a baseline. During this phase, the system is not actively enforcing security policies but is learning the typical behaviors and patterns of container activity. The Active state is where the system actively enforces security policies based on the learned behaviors and detected anomalies. Containers that exhibit suspicious or malicious activity that deviates from the baseline may trigger alerts or actions based on configured policies. The Archived state refers to containers that are no longer active but whose data and activity logs are retained for historical analysis or compliance purposes.

The following curl command creates a single rule compliance policy for container images scanned in the CI pipeline: curl 'https:// /api/v/policies/compliance/ci/images' \