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A company has deployed an AWS Network Firewall firewall into a VPC. A network engineer needs to implement a solution to deliver Network Firewall flow logs to the company’s Amazon OpenSearch Service (Amazon Elasticsearch Service) cluster in the shortest possible time.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company uses transit gateways to route traffic between the company's VPCs. Each transit gateway has a single route table. Each route table contains attachments and routes for the VPCs that are in the same AWS Region as the transit gateway. The route tables in each VPC also contain routes to all the other VPC CIDR ranges that are available through the transit gateways. Some VPCs route to local NAT gateways.
The company plans to add many new VPCs soon. A network engineer needs a solution to add new VPC CIDR ranges to the route tables in each VPC.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?
A company has been using an outdated application layer protocol for communication among applications. The company decides not to use this protocol anymore and must migrate allapplications to support a new protocol. The old protocol and the new protocol are TCP-based, but the protocols use different port numbers.
After several months of work, the company has migrated dozens of applications that run on Amazon EC2 instances and in containers. The company believes that all the applications have been migrated, but the company wants to verify this belief. A network engineer needs to verify that no application is still using the old protocol.
Which solution will meet these requirements without causing any downtime?
A company wants to use an AWS Network Firewall firewall to secure its workloads in the cloud through network traffic inspection. The company must record complete metadata information, such as source/destination IP addresses and protocol type. The company must also record all network traffic flows and any DROP or ALERT actions that the firewall takes for traffic that the firewall processes. The Network Firewall endpoints are placed in the correct subnets, and the VPC route tables direct traffic to the Network Firewall endpoints on the path to and from the internet.
How should a network engineer configure the firewall to meet these requirements?
A company is moving its record-keeping application to the AWS Cloud. All traffic between the company's on-premises data center and AWS must be encrypted at all times and at every transit device during the migration.
The application will reside across multiple Availability Zones in a single AWS Region. The application will use existing 10 Gbps AWS Direct Connect dedicated connections with a MACsec capable port. A network engineer must ensure that the Direct Connect connection is secured accordingly at every transit device.
The network engineer creates a Connection Key Name and Connectivity Association Key (CKN/CAK) pair for the MACsec secret key.
Which combination of additional steps should the network engineer take to meet the requirements? (Choose two.)
A company has multiple VPCs with subnets that use IPv4. Traffic from the VPCs to the internet uses a NAT gateway. The company wants to transition to IPv6.
A network engineer creates multiple IPv6-only subnets in an existing testing VPC. The network engineer deploys a new Amazon EC2 instance that has an IPv6 address into one of the subnets. During testing, the network engineer discovers that the new EC2 instance is not able to communicate with an IPv4-only service through the internet. The network engineer needs to enable the IPv6 EC2 instance to communicate with the IPv4-only service.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
A company has deployed a multi-VPC environment in the AWS Cloud. The company uses a transit gateway to connect all the VPCs together. In the past, the company has experienced a loss of connectivity between applications after changes to security groups, network ACLs. and route tables in a VPC. When these changes occur, the company wants to automatically verify that connectivity still exists between different resources in a single VPC.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has developed a web service for language translation. The web service's application runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The instances run behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and are deployed in a private subnet. The web service can process requests that contain hundreds of megabytes of data.
The company needs to give some customers the ability to access the web service. Each customer has its own AWS account. The company must make the web service accessible to approved customers without making the web service accessible to all customers.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Choose two.)
A security team is performing an audit of a company's AWS deployment. The security team is concerned that two applications might be accessing resources that should be blocked by network ACLs and security groups. The applications are deployed across two Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) clusters that use the Amazon VPC Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin for Kubernetes. The clusters are in separate subnets within the same VPC and have a Cluster Autoscaler configured.
The security team needs to determine which POD IP addresses are communicating with which services throughout the VPC. The security team wants to limit the number of flow logs and wants to examine the traffic from only the two applications.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A company is deploying a new application on AWS. The application uses dynamic multicasting. The company has five VPCs that are all attached to a transit gateway Amazon EC2 instances in each VPC need to be able to register dynamically to receive a multicast transmission.
How should a network engineer configure the AWS resources to meet these requirements?
A company has a transit gateway in AWS Account A. The company uses AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share the transit gateway so that users in other accounts can connect to multiple VPCs in the same AWS Region. AWS Account B contains a VPC (10.0.0.0/16) with subnet 10.0.0.0/24 in the us-west-2a Availability Zone and subnet 10.0.1.0/24 in the us-west-2b Availability Zone. Resources in these subnets can communicate with other VPCs.
A network engineer creates two new subnets: 10.0.2.0/24 in the us-west-2b Availability Zone and 10.0.3.0/24 in the us-west-2c Availability Zone. All the subnets share one route table. The default route 0.0.0.0/0 is pointing to the transit gateway. Resources in subnet 10.0.2.0/24 can communicate with other VPCs, but resources in subnet 10.0.3.0/24 cannot communicate with other VPCs.
What should the network engineer do so that resources in subnet 10.0.3.0/24 can communicate with other VPCs?
A media company is implementing a news website for a global audience. The website uses Amazon CloudFront as its content delivery network. The backend runs on Amazon EC2 Windows instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The instances are part of an Auto Scaling group. The company's customers access the website by using service example com as the CloudFront custom domain name. The CloudFront origin points to an ALB that uses service-alb.example.com as the domain name.
The company’s security policy requires the traffic to be encrypted in transit at all times between the users and the backend.
Which combination of changes must the company make to meet this security requirement? (Choose three.)
A company’s network engineer builds and tests network designs for VPCs in a development account. The company needs to monitor the changes that are made to network resources and must ensure strict compliance with network security policies. The company also needs access to the historical configurations of network resources.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has developed an application on AWS that will track inventory levels of vending machines and initiate the restocking process automatically. The company plans to integrate this application with vending machines and deploy the vending machines in several markets around the world. The application resides in a VPC in the us-east-1 Region. The application consists of an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The communication from the vending machines to the application happens over HTTPS.
The company is planning to use an AWS Global Accelerator accelerator and configure static IP addresses of the accelerator in the vending machines for application endpoint access. The application must be accessible only through the accelerator and not through a direct connection over the internet to the ALB endpoint.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has several AWS Site-to-Site VPN connections between an on-premises customer gateway and a transit gateway. The company's application uses IPv4 to communicate through the VPN connections.
The company has updated the VPC to be dual stack and wants to transition to using IPv6-only for new workloads. When the company tries to communicate through the existing VPN connections, IPv6 traffic fails.
Which solution will provide IPv6 support with the LEAST operational overhead?
A company uses the us-east-1 Region and the ap-south-1 Region for its business units (BUs). The BUs are named BU-1 and BU-2. For each BU. there are two VPCs in us-east-1 and one VPC in ap-south-1.
Because of workload isolation requirements, resources can communicate within the same BU but cannot communicate with resources in the other BU. The company plans to add more BUs and plans to expand into more Regions.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?
A company wants to migrate its DNS registrar and DNS hosting to Amazon Route 53. The company website receives tens of thousands of visits each day, and the company’s current DNS provider cannot keep up. The company wants to migrate as quickly as possible but cannot tolerate any downtime.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has deployed an application in a VPC that uses a NAT gateway for outbound traffic to the internet. A network engineer notices a large quantity of suspicious network traffic that is traveling from the VPC over the internet to IP addresses that are included on a deny list. The network engineer must implement a solution to determine which AWS resources are generating the suspicious traffic. The solution must minimize cost and administrative overhead.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
An international company wants to implement a multi-site hybrid infrastructure. The company wants to deploy its cloud computing resources on AWS in the us-east-1 Region and in the eu-west-2 Region, and in on-premises data centers in the United States (US) and in the United Kingdom (UK). The data centers are connected to each other by a private WAN connection. IP routing information is exchanged dynamically through BGP. The company wants to have two AWS Direct Connect connections, one each in the US and the UK.
The company expects to have 15 VPCs in each Region with CIDR blocks that do not overlap with each other or with CIDR blocks of the on-premises environment. The VPC CIDR blocks are planned so that the prefix aggregation can be performed both on a Regional level and across the entire AWS environment. The company will deploy a transit gateway in each Region to connect the VPCs. A network engineer plans to use a Direct Connect gateway in each Region. A transit VIF will attach the Direct Connect gateway in each Region to the transit gateway in that Region. The transit gateways will be peered with each other.
The network engineer wants to ensure that traffic follows the shortest geographical path from source to destination. Traffic between the on-premises data centers and AWS must travel across a local Direct Connect connection. Traffic between the US data center and eu-west-2 and traffic between the UK data center and us-east-1 must use the private WAN connection to reach the Direct Connect connection to the appropriate Region when the Direct Connect connection is available. The network must be resilient to failures in either the private WAN connection or with the Direct Connect connections. The network also must reroute traffic automatically in the event of any failure.
How should the network engineer configure the transit VIF associations on the Direct Connect gateways to meet these requirements?
A company uses a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection to connect its AWS environment to its on-premises data center. The connection provides employees with access to an application VPC that is hosted on AWS. Many remote employees use a company-provided VPN to connect to the data center. These employees are reporting slowness when they access the application during business hours. On-premises users have started to report similar slowness while they are in the office.
The company plans to build an additional application on AWS. On-site and remote employees will use the additional application. After the deployment of this additional application, the company will need 20% more bandwidth than the company currently uses. With the increased usage, the company wants to add resiliency to the AWS connectivity. A network engineer must review the current implementation and must make improvements within a limited budget.
What should the network engineer do to meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A company recently implemented a security policy that prohibits developers from launching VPC network infrastructure. The policy states that any time a NAT gateway is launched in a VPC, the company's network security team must immediately receive an alert to terminate the NAT gateway. The network security team needs to implement a solution that can be deployed across AWS accounts with the least possible administrative overhead. The solution also must provide the network security team with a simple way to view compliance history.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company uses Amazon Route 53 to host a public hosted zone for example.com. A network engineer recently reduced the TTL on several records to 60 seconds. The network engineer wants to assess whether the change has increased the number of queries to Route 53 beyond the expected levels that the company identified before the change. The network engineer must obtain the number of queries that have been made to the example.com public hosted zone.
Which solution will provide this information?
A banking company is successfully operating its public mobile banking stack on AWS. The mobile banking stack is deployed in a VPC that includes private subnets and public subnets. The company is using IPv4 networking and has not deployed or supported IPv6 in the environment. The company has decided to adopt a third-party service provider's API and must integrate the API with the existing environment. The service provider’s API requires the use of IPv6.
A network engineer must turn on IPv6 connectivity for the existing workload that is deployed in a private subnet. The company does not want to permit IPv6 traffic from the public internet and mandates that the company's servers must initiate all IPv6 connectivity. The network engineer turns on IPv6 in the VPC and in the private subnets.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A network engineer needs to update a company's hybrid network to support IPv6 for the upcoming release of a new application. The application is hosted in a VPC in the AWS Cloud. The company's current AWS infrastructure includes VPCs that are connected by a transit gateway. The transit gateway is connected to the on-premises network by AWS Direct Connect and AWS Site-to-Site VPN. The company's on-premises devices have been updated to support the new IPv6 requirements.
The company has enabled IPv6 for the existing VPC by assigning a new IPv6 CIDR block to the VPC and by assigning IPv6 to the subnets for dual-stack support. The company has launched new Amazon EC2 instances for the new application in the updated subnets.
When updating the hybrid network to support IPv6 the network engineer must avoid making any changes to the current infrastructure. The network engineer also must block direct access to the instances' new IPv6 addresses from the internet. However, the network engineer must allow outbound internet access from the instances.
What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets these requirements?
A company's existing AWS environment contains public application servers that run on Amazon EC2 instances. The application servers run in a VPC subnet. Each server is associated with an Elastic IP address.
The company has a new requirement for firewall inspection of all traffic from the internet before the traffic reaches any EC2 instances. A security engineer has deployed and configured a Gateway Load Balancer (GLB) in a standalone VPC with a fleet of third-party firewalls.
How should a network engineer update the environment to ensure that the traffic travels across the fleet of firewalls?
A company’s data center is connected to a single AWS Region by an AWS Direct Connect dedicated connection. The company has a single VPC in the Region. The company stores logs for all its applications locally in the data center.
The company must keep all application logs for 7 years. The company decides to copy all application logs to an Amazon S3 bucket.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company deployed an application in two AWS Regions in one AWS account. The company has one VPC in each Region. The VPCs use non-overlapping private CIDR ranges.
The company needs to connect both VPCs to a single on-premises data center to test theapplication. The application requires up to 800 Mbps of throughput. A network engineer needs to establish connectivity between the VPCs and the on-premises data center.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?
A network engineer needs to set up an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group to run a Linux-based network appliance in a highly available architecture. The network engineer is configuring the new launch template for the Auto Scaling group.
In addition to the primary network interface the network appliance requires a second network interface that will be used exclusively by the application to exchange traffic with hosts over the internet. The company has set up a Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) pool that includes an Elastic IP address that should be used as the public IP address for the second network interface.
How can the network engineer implement the required architecture?
A company is building its website on AWS in a single VPC. The VPC has public subnets and private subnets in two Availability Zones. The website has static content such as images. The company is using Amazon S3 to store the content.
The company has deployed a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances as web servers in a private subnet. The EC2 instances are in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer. The EC2 instances will serve traffic, and they must pull content from an S3 bucket to render the webpages. The company is using AWS Direct Connect with a public VIF for on-premises connectivity to the S3 bucket.
A network engineer notices that traffic between the EC2 instances and Amazon S3 is routing through a NAT gateway. As traffic increases, the company's costs are increasing. The network engineer needs to change the connectivity to reduce the NAT gateway costs that result from the traffic between the EC2 instances and Amazon S3.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company is running a hybrid cloud environment. The company has multiple AWS accounts as part of an organization in AWS Organizations. The company needs a solution to manage a list of IPv4 on-premises hosts that will be allowed to access resources in AWS. The solution must provide version control for the list of IPv4 addresses and must make the list available to the AWS accounts in the organization.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has multiple AWS accounts. Each account contains one or more VPCs. A new security guideline requires the inspection of all traffic between VPCs.
The company has deployed a transit gateway that provides connectivity between all VPCs. The company also has deployed a shared services VPC with Amazon EC2 instances that include IDS services for stateful inspection. The EC2 instances are deployed across three Availability Zones. The company has set up VPC associations and routing on the transit gateway. The company has migrated a few test VPCs to the new solution for traffic inspection.
Soon after the configuration of routing, the company receives reports of intermittent connections for traffic that crosses Availability Zones.
What should a network engineer do to resolve this issue?
A company is deploying a web application into two AWS Regions. The company has one VPC in each Region. Each VPC has three Amazon EC2 instances as web servers behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The company already has configured an Amazon Route 53 public hosted zone for example.com. Users will access the application by using the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of app.example.com.
The company needs a DNS solution that allows global users to access the application. The solution must route the users' requests to the Region that provides the lowest response time. The solution must fail over to the Region that provides the next-lowest response time if the application is unavailable in the initially intended Region.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has two on-premises data center locations. There is a company-managed router at each data center. Each data center has a dedicated AWS Direct Connect connection to a Direct Connect gateway through a private virtual interface. The router for the first location is advertising 110 routes to the Direct Connect gateway by using BGP, and the router for the second location is advertising 60 routes to the Direct Connect gateway by using BGP. The Direct Connect gateway is attached to a company VPC through a virtual private gateway.
A network engineer receives reports that resources in the VPC are not reachable from various locations in either data center. The network engineer checks the VPC route table and sees that the routes from the first data center location are not being populated into the route table. The network engineer must resolve this issue in the most operationally efficient manner.
What should the network engineer do to meet these requirements?
A network engineer is using AWS Direct Connect connections and MACsec to encrypt data from a corporate data center to the Direct Connect location. The network engineer learns that the MACsec secret key might have been compromised. The network engineer needs to update the connection with an uncompromised secure key.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
A company's security guidelines state that all outbound traffic from a VPC to the company's on-premises data center must pass through a security appliance. The security appliance runs on an Amazon EC2 instance. A network engineer needs to improve the network performance between the on-premises data center and the security appliance.
Which actions should the network engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A company uses AWS Direct Connect to connect its corporate network to multiple VPCs in the same AWS account and the same AWS Region. Each VPC uses its own private VIF and its own virtual LAN on the Direct Connect connection. The company has grown and will soon surpass the limit of VPCs and private VIFs for each connection.
What is the MOST scalable way to add VPCs with on-premises connectivity?
A data analytics company has a 100-node high performance computing (HPC) cluster. The HPC cluster is for parallel data processing and is hosted in a VPC in the AWS Cloud. As part of the data processing workflow, the HPC cluster needs to perform several DNS queries to resolve and connect to Amazon RDS databases, Amazon S3 buckets, and on-premises data stores that are accessible through AWS Direct Connect. The HPC cluster can increase in size by five to seven times during the company’s peak event at the end of the year.
The company is using two Amazon EC2 instances as primary DNS servers for the VPC. The EC2 instances are configured to forward queries to the default VPC resolver for Amazon Route 53 hosted domains and to the on-premises DNS servers for other on-premises hosted domain names. The company notices job failures and finds that DNS queries from the HPC cluster nodes failed when the nodes tried to resolve RDS and S3 bucket endpoints.
Which architectural change should a network engineer implement to provide the DNS service in the MOST scalable way?
A network engineer needs to deploy an AWS Network Firewall firewall into an existing AWS environment. The environment consists of the following:
A transit gateway with all VPCs attached to it
Several hundred application VPCs
A centralized egress internet VPC with a NAT gateway and an internet gateway
A centralized ingress internet VPC that hosts public Application Load Balancers
On-premises connectivity through an AWS Direct Connect gateway attachment
The application VPCs have workloads deployed across multiple Availability Zones in private subnets with the VPC route table s default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to the transit gateway. The Network Firewall firewall needs to inspect east-west (VPC-to-VPC) traffic and north-south (internet-bound and on-premises network) traffic by using Suricata compatible rules.
The network engineer must deploy the firewall by using a solution that requires the least possible architectural changes to the existing production environment.
Which combination of steps should the network engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A company has multiple AWS Site-to-Site VPN connections between an on-premises environment and multiple VPCs. The Site-to-Site VPN connections use virtual private gateways and are configured with IPv4 addresses. The company hosts several internal applications in the VPCs.
Application users have reported that the applications are performing slowly. A networkengineer notices excessive latency in the network path that the VPN connections use. The network engineer needs to resolve the excessive latency.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
A network engineer must develop an AWS CloudFormation template that can create a virtual private gateway, a customer gateway, a VPN connection, and static routes in a route table. During testing of the template, the network engineer notes that the CloudFormation template has encountered an error and is rolling back.
What should the network engineer do to resolve the error?
A company plans to deploy a two-tier web application to a new VPC in a single AWS Region. The company has configured the VPC with an internet gateway and four subnets. Two of the subnets are public and have default routes that point to the internet gateway. Two of the subnets are private and share a route table that does not have a default route.
The application will run on a set of Amazon EC2 instances that will be deployed behind an external Application Load Balancer. The EC2 instances must not be directly accessible from the internet. The application will use an Amazon S3 bucket in the same Region to store data. The application will invoke S3 GET API operations and S3 PUT API operations from the EC2 instances. A network engineer must design a VPC architecture that minimizes data transfer cost.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company needs to manage Amazon EC2 instances through command line interfaces for Linux hosts and Windows hosts. The EC2 instances are deployed in an environment in which there is no route to the internet. The company must implement role-based access control for management of the instances. The company has a standalone on-premises environment.
Which approach will meet these requirements with the LEAST maintenance overhead?
A company has a global network and is using transit gateways to connect AWS Regions together. The company finds that two Amazon EC2 instances in different Regions are unable to communicate with each other. A network engineer needs to troubleshoot this connectivity issue.
What should the network engineer do to meet this requirement?
A company runs applications in two VPCs that are in separate AWS Regions. One VPC is in the us-east-1 Region. The second VPC is in the us-west-1 Region. The company needs to establish connectivity between the two VPCs. The company also needs to connect the VPCs to applications that run in an on-premises data center.
The current traffic requirement between the VPCs is 50 ТВ per month. The company expects traffic volume between the VPCs to increase. The traffic requirement from the VPCs to the on-premises data center is 10 ТВ per month. The company expects the traffic between the VPCs and the data center to remain constant.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A company has several production applications across different accounts in the AWS Cloud. The company operates from the us-east-1 Region only. Only certain partner companies can access the applications. The applications are running on Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The EC2 instances are in private subnets and allow traffic only from the ALB. The ALB is in a public subnet and allows inbound traffic only from partner network IP address ranges over port 80.
When the company adds a new partner, the company must allow the IP address range of the partner network in the security group that is associated with the ALB in each account. A network engineer must implement a solution to centrally manage the partner network IP address ranges.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient manner?
A company is deploying third-party firewall appliances for traffic inspection and NAT capabilities in its VPC. The VPC is configured with private subnets and public subnets. The company needs to deploy the firewall appliances behind a load balancer.
Which architecture will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A company has a transit gateway in a single AWS account. The company sends flow logs for the transit gateway to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group.
The company created an AWS Lambda function to analyze the logs. The Lambda function sends a notification to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when a VPC generates traffic that is dropped by the transit gateway. Each notification contains the account ID. VPC ID, and total amount of dropped packets.
The company wants to subscribe a new Lambda function to the SNS topic. The new Lambda function must automatically prevent the traffic that is identified in each notification from leaving a VPC by applying a network ACL to the transit gateway attachment subnets in the VPC that generates the traffic.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has stateful security appliances that are deployed to multiple Availability Zones in a centralized shared services VPC. The AWS environment includes a transit gateway that is attached to application VPCs and the shared services VPC. The application VPCs have workloads that are deployed in private subnets across multiple Availability Zones. The stateful appliances in the shared services VPC inspect all east-west (VPC-to-VPC) traffic.
Users report that inter-VPC traffic to different Availability Zones is dropping. A network engineer verified this claim by issuing Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) pings between workloads in different Availability Zones across the application VPCs. The network engineer has ruled out security groups, stateful device configurations, and network ACLs as the cause of the dropped traffic.
What is causing the traffic to drop?
A company uses multiple AWS accounts and VPCs in a single AWS Region. The company must log all network traffic for Amazon EC2 instances and Amazon RDS databases. The company will use the log information to monitor and identify traffic flows in the event of a security incident. The information must be retained for 12 months but will be accessed infrequently after the first 90 days. The company must be able to view metadata that includes the vpc-id, subnet-id: and tcp-flags fields.
Which solution will meet these requirements at the LOWEST cost?
A network engineer needs to improve the network security of an existing AWS environment by adding an AWS Network Firewall firewall to control internet-bound traffic. The AWS environment consists of five VPCs. Each VPC has an internet gateway. NAT gateways, public Application Load Balancers (ALBs), and Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances are deployed in private subnets. The architecture is deployed across two Availability Zones.
The network engineer must be able to configure rules for the public IP addresses in the environment, regardless of the direction of traffic. The network engineer must add the firewall by implementing a solution that minimizes changes to the existing production environment. The solution also must ensure high availability.
Which combination of steps should the network engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
A company deploys an internal website behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in a VPC. The VPC has a CIDR block of 172.31.0.0/16. The company creates a private hosted zone for the domain example.com for the website in Amazon Route 53. The company establishes an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between its office network and the VPC.
A network engineer needs to set up a DNS solution so that employees can visit the internal webpage by accessing a private domain URL (https://example.com) from the office network.
Which combination of steps will meet this requirement? (Choose two.)
An IoT company sells hardware sensor modules that periodically send out temperature, humidity, pressure, and location data through the MQTT messaging protocol. The hardware sensor modules send this data to the company's on-premises MQTT brokers that run on Linux servers behind a load balancer. The hardware sensor modules have been hardcoded with public IP addresses to reach the brokers.
The company is growing and is acquiring customers across the world. The existing solution can no longer scale and is introducing additional latency because of the company's global presence. As a result, the company decides to migrate its entire infrastructure from on premises to the AWS Cloud.The company needs to migrate without reconfiguring the hardware sensor modules that are already deployed across the world. The solution also must minimize latency.
The company migrates the MQTT brokers to run on Amazon EC2 instances.
What should the company do next to meet these requirements?
A company uses an AWS Direct Connect private VIF with a link aggregation group (LAG) that consists of two 10 Gbps connections. The company's security team has implemented a new requirement for external network connections to provide layer 2 encryption. The company's network team plans to use MACsec support for Direct Connect to meet the new requirement.
Which combination of steps should the network team take to implement this functionality? (Choose three.)
A global company operates all its non-production environments out of three AWS Regions: eu-west-1, us-east-1, and us-west-1. The company hosts all its production workloads in two on-premises data centers. The company has 60 AWS accounts and each account has two VPCs in each Region. Each VPC has a virtual private gateway where two VPN connections terminate for resilient connectivity to the data centers. The company has 360 VPN tunnels to each data center, resulting in high management overhead. The total VPN throughput for each Region is 500 Mbps.
The company wants to migrate the production environments to AWS. The company needs a solution that will simplify the network architecture and allow for future growth. The production environments will generate an additional 2 Gbps of traffic per Region back to the data centers. This traffic will increase over time.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has set up a NAT gateway in a single Availability Zone (AZ1) in a VPC (VPC1) to access the internet from Amazon EC2 workloads in the VPC. The EC2 workloads are running in private subnets in three Availability Zones (AZ1, AZ2, AZ3). The route table for each subnet is configured to use the NAT gateway to access the internet.
Recently during an outage, internet access stopped working for the EC2 workloads because of the NAT gateway's unavailability. A network engineer must implement a solution to remove the single point of failure from the architecture and provide built-in redundancy.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company's VPC has Amazon EC2 instances that are communicating with AWS services over the public internet. The company needs to change the connectivity so that the communication
does not occur over the public intemet.
The company deploys AWS PrivateLink endpoints in the VPC. After the deployment of the PrivateLink endpoints, the EC2 instances can no longer communicate at all with the required AWS
services.
Which combination of steps should a network engineer take to restore communicationwith the AWS services? (Select TWO.)
A company uses Amazon Route 53 for its DNS needs. The company's security team wants to update the DNS infrastructure to provide the most recent security posture.
The security team has configured DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) for the domain. The security team wants a network engineer to explain who is responsible for the
rotation of DNSSEC keys.
Which explanation should the network administrator provide to the security team?
A company has a hybrid environment that connects an on-premises data center to the AWS Cloud. The hybrid environment uses a 10 Gbps AWS Direct Connect dedicated connection. The Direct Connect connection has multiple private VIFs that terminate in multiple VPCs.
To comply with regulations, the company must encrypt all WAN traffic, regardless of the underlying transport. The company needs to implement an encryption solution that will not affect the company's bandwidth capacity.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
An application team for a startup company is deploying a new multi-tier application into the AWS Cloud. The application will be hosted on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that run in an Auto Scaling group behind a publicly accessible Network Load Balancer (NLB). The application requires the clients to work with UDP traffic and TCP traffic.
In the near term, the application will serve only users within the same geographic location. The application team plans to extend the application to a global audience and will move the deployment to multiple AWS Regions around the world to bring the application closer to the end users. The application team wants to use the new Regions to deploy new versions of the application and wants to be able to control the amount of traffic that each Region receives during these rollouts. In addition, the application team must minimize first-byte latency and jitter (randomized delay) for the end users.
How should the application team design the network architecture for the application to meet these requirements?
A company's application is deployed on Amazon EC2 instances in a single VPC in an AWS Region. The EC2 instances are running in two Availability Zones. The company decides to use a fleet of traffic inspection instances from AWS Marketplace to inspect traffic between the VPC and the internet. The company is performing tests before the company deploys the architecture into production.
The fleet is located in a shared inspection VPC behind a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB). To minimize the cost of the solution, the company deployed only one inspection instance in each Availability Zone that the application uses.
During tests, a network engineer notices that traffic inspection works as expected when the network is stable. However, during maintenance of the inspection instances, the internet sessions time out for some application instances. The application instances are not able to establish new sessions.
Which combination of steps will remediate these issues? (Choose two.)
A company is migrating its on-premises network from its data center in Virginia to its data center in New York. The AWS Direct Connect connections for the Virginia and New York data center locations are both associated to the us-east-1 Region. The company needs to migrate a private VIF on an existing Direct Connect hosted connection from Virginia to New York. The company's on-premises network uses the connection to access VPCs through a Direct Connect gateway in us-east-1.
The company has already requested a new Direct Connect hosted connection from the new data center to the New York Direct Connect location.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST downtime?
A company's network engineer must implement a cloud-based networking environment for a network operations team to centrally manage. Other teams will use the environment. Each team must be able to deploy infrastructure to the environment and must be able to manage its own resources. The environment must feature IPv4 and IPv6 support and must provide internet connectivity in a dual-stack configuration.
The company has an organization in AWS Organizations that contains a workload account for the teams. The network engineer creates a new networking account in the organization.
Which combination of steps should the network engineer take next to meet the requirements? (Select THREE.)
A company uses Amazon Route 53 to register a public domain, example.com, in an AWS account. A central services group manages the account. The company wants to create a subdomain, test.example.com, in another AWS account to offer name services for Amazon EC2 instances that are hosted in the account. The company does not want to migrate the parent domain to the subdomain account.
A network engineer creates a new Route 53 hosted zone for the subdomain in the second account.
Which combination of steps must the network engineer take to complete the task? (Choose two.)
A company has an AWS environment that includes multiple VPCs that are connected by a transit gateway. The company wants to use a certificate-based AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection to establish connectivity between an on-premises environment and the AWS environment. The company does not have a static public IP address for the on-premises environment.
Which combination of steps should the company take to establish VPN connectivity between the transit gateway and the on-premises environment? (Choose two.)
A company is building a new workload on AWS that uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) The company has configured a new ALB target group that uses slow start mode. A team begins registering Amazon EC2 Instances as targets in the new target group. During testing, the team observes that the targets did not enter slow start mode.
What caused the targets to not enter slow start mode?
A company has deployed an application in which the front end of the application communicates with the backend instances through a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in the same VPC. The application is highly available across two Availability Zones. The company wants to limit the amount of traffic that travels across the Availability Zones. Traffic from the front end of the application must stay in the same Availability Zone unless there is no healthy target in that Availability Zone behind the NLB. If there is no healthy target in the same Availability Zone, traffic must be sent to the other Availability Zone.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has a public application. The application uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that has a target group of Amazon EC2 instances.
The company wants to protect the application from security issues in web requests. The traffic to the application must have end-to-end encryption.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A Network Engineer is provisioning a subnet for a load balancer that will sit in front of a fleet of application servers in a private subnet. There is limited IP space left in the VPC CIDR. The application has few users now but is expected to grow quickly to millions of users.
What design will use the LEAST amount of IP space, while allowing for this growth?
Your company runs an application for the US market in the us-east-1 AWS region. This application uses proprietary TCP and UDP protocols on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances. End users run a real-time, front-end application on their local PCs. This front-end application knows the DNS hostname of the service.
You must prepare the system for global expansion. The end users must access the application with lowest latency.
How should you use AWS services to meet these requirements?
A company has an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between its office and its VPC. Users report occasional failure of the connection to the application that is hosted inside the VPC. A network engineer discovers in the customer gateway logs that the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) session ends when the connection to the application fails.
What should the network engineer do to bring up the IKE session if the IKE session goes down?
A company runs workloads in multiple VPCs. The company needs to securely access a workload in one of the VPCs, named VPC-A, from an on-premises data center. A network engineer sets up an AWS Site-to-SiteVPN connection to a transit gateway. The network engineer configures dynamic routing for the connection, and communication works properly.
Recently, the owner of VPC-A added another CIDR range to the VPC. The VPC-A owner created workloads that use the additional CIDR range.
The company's on-premises network is unable to reach the new workloads. The network engineer needs to resolve the network connectivity issue and ensure that connectivity will not be affected if additional VPC CIDR ranges are added to the VPC in the future.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?
A company is deploying a new stateless web application on AWS. The web application will run on Amazon EC2 instances in private subnets behind an Application Load Balancer. The EC2 instances are in an Auto Scaling group. The web application has a stateful management application for administration that will run on EC2 instances that are in a separate Auto Scaling group.
The company wants to access the management application by using the same URL as the web application, with a path prefix of /management. The protocol, hostname, and port number must be the same for the web application and the management application. Access to the management application must be restricted to the company's on-premises IP address space. An SSL/TLS certificate from AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) will protect the web application.
Which combination of steps should a network engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
An IoT company sells hardware sensor modules that periodically send out temperature, humidity, pressure, and location data through the MQTT messaging protocol. The hardware sensor modules send this data to the company's on-premises MQTT brokers that run on Linux servers behind a load balancer. The hardware sensor modules have been hardcoded with public IP addresses to reach the brokers.
The company is growing and is acquiring customers across the world. The existing solution can no longer scale and is introducing additional latency because of the company's global presence. As a result, the company decides to migrate its entire infrastructure from on premises to the AWS Cloud. The company needs to migrate without reconfiguring the hardware sensor modules that are already deployed across the world. The solution also must minimize latency.
The company migrates the MQTT brokers to run on Amazon EC2 instances.
What should the company do next to meet these requirements?
A company is building an internet-facing application that is hosted on an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. The company is using the Amazon VPC Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin for Kubernetes for pod networking connectivity. The company needs to expose its application to the internet by using a Network Load Balancer (NLB). The pods that host the application must have visibility of the source IP address that is contained in the original packet that the NLB receives.
How should the network engineer configure the NLB and Amazon EKS settings to achieve these goals?
A company has a hybrid IT setup that includes services that run in an on-premises data center and in the AWS Cloud. The company is using AWS Direct Connect to connect its data center to AWS. The company is using one AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection as backup and requires a backup connectivity option to always be present. The company is transitioning to IPv6 by implementing dual-stack architectures.
Which combination of steps will transition the data center's connectivity to AWS in the LEAST amount of time? (Select TWO.)
A company is planning to host external websites on AWS. The websites will include multiple tiers such as web servers, application logic services, and databases. The company wants to use AWS Network Firewall. AWS WAR and VPC security groups for network security.
The company must ensure that the Network Firewall firewalls are deployed appropriately within relevant VPCs. The company needs the ability to centrally manage policies that are deployed to Network Firewall and AWS WAF rules. The company also needs to allow application teams to manage their own security groups while ensuring that the security groups do not allow overly permissive access.
What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets these requirements?
A company has created three VPCs: a production VPC, a nonproduction VPC, and a shared services VPC. The production VPC and the nonproduction VPC must each have communication with the shared services VPC. There must be no communication between the production VPC and the nonproduction VPC. A transit gateway is deployed to facilitate communication between VPCs.
Which route table configurations on the transit gateway will meet these requirements?
A company delivers applications over the internet. An Amazon Route 53 public hosted zone is the authoritative DNS service for the company and its internet applications, all of which are offered from the same domain name.
A network engineer is working on a new version of one of the applications. All the application's components are hosted in the AWS Cloud. The application has a three-tier design. The front end is delivered through Amazon EC2 instances that are deployed in public subnets with Elastic IP addresses assigned. The backend components are deployed in private subnets from RFC1918.
Components of the application need to be able to access other components of the application within the application's VPC by using the same host names as the host names that are used over the public internet. The network engineer also needs to accommodate future DNS changes, such as the introduction of new host names or the retirement of DNS entries.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
TESTED 24 Feb 2026